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On the Circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean

机译：关于北冰洋大西洋水的循环

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摘要

An idealized eddy-resolving numerical model and an analytic three-layer model are used to develop ideas about what controls the circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean. The numerical model is forced with a surface heat flux, uniform winds, and a source of low-salinity water near the surface around the perimeter of an Arctic basin. Despite this idealized configuration, the model is able to reproduce many general aspects of the Arctic Ocean circulation and hydrography, including exchange through Fram Strait, circulation of Atlantic Water, a halocline, ice cover and transport, surface heat flux, and a Beaufort Gyre. The analytic model depends on a nondimensional number, and provides theoretical estimates of the halocline depth, stratification, freshwater content, and baroclinic shear in the boundary current. An empirical relationship between freshwater content and sea surface height allows for a prediction of the transport of Atlantic Water in the cyclonic boundary current. Parameters typical of the Arctic Ocean produce a cyclonic boundary current of Atlantic Water of O(1 - 2Sv; where 1Sv ≡ 10~6m~3s~(-1)) and a halocline depth of O(200m), in reasonable agreement with observations. The theory compares well with a series of numerical model calculations in which mixing and environmental parameters are varied, thus lending credibility to the dynamics of the analytic model. In these models, lateral eddy fluxes from the boundary and vertical diffusion in the interior are important drivers of the halocline and the circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean.
机译：一个理想的涡旋解析数值模型和一个解析的三层模型被用来发展关于控制北冰洋大西洋水循环的思想。数值模型受地表热通量，均匀风和北极盆地周边地表附近低盐度水源的强迫。尽管具有这种理想化的配置，该模型仍可以再现北冰洋环流和水文学的许多一般方面，包括通过Fram海峡进行的交换，大西洋水的环流，盐环，冰盖和运输，地表热通量以及Beaufort回转。该分析模型取决于一个无量纲的数字，并提供了边界流中盐卤深度，分层，淡水含量和斜压剪切的理论估计。淡水含量和海面高度之间的经验关系可以预测旋风边界流中大西洋水的运输。北冰洋的典型参数产生的大西洋水的旋风边界流为O（1-2Sv;其中1Sv≡10〜6m〜3s〜（-1））和盐度深度为O（200m），与观测值合理吻合。该理论与一系列数值模型计算（其中混合参数和环境参数均发生变化）进行了比较，从而为解析模型的动力学提供了可信度。在这些模型中，来自边界的涡流和内部的垂直扩散是北冰洋盐环和大西洋水循环的重要驱动力。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2013年第11期|2352-2371|共20页
  • 作者

    Michael A. Spall;

  • 作者单位

    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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