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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >Response of a Large Stratified Estuary to Wind Events: Observations, Simulations, and Theory for Long Island Sound
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Response of a Large Stratified Estuary to Wind Events: Observations, Simulations, and Theory for Long Island Sound

机译：大型分层河口对风事件的响应：长岛声音的观测，模拟和理论

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摘要

The response to wind events in the Long Island Sound (LIS), a large macrotidal estuary influenced by rotation and stratification, is studied using long-term ferry-based current observations near the mouth, un-stratified and stratified numerical simulations forced with along-estuary winds, and analytic solutions based on linear barotropic theory. The observed wind-event velocity anomalies for down-estuary winds have surface-intensified downwind flows flanking a deeper central upwind flow. Response to up-estuary wind events has a weaker magnitude and a broader and thicker downwind flow. The downwind and upwind flows are more laterally aligned than vertically layered, as determined by a newly defined dimensionless lateral alignment index. Simulation results and analytic solutions share the gross spatial patterns of the observed response, though statistical measures indicate weak agreement. Along-estuary variations in the simulation results and analytic solutions follow similar trends and are strongly influenced by variations of the bathymetric cross section. Wind-event anomalies in the section-averaged dynamics are dominated by the along-estuary pressure gradient opposing wind stress. In the stratified simulation, wind-driven density advection, isopycnal straining, and stirring modify stratification, eddy viscosities, and baroclinic pressure gradients. The wind-event response of the baroclinic pressure gradient is 15% of the barotropic gradient but is dynamically linked to response differences to up-estuary and down-estuary winds. The wind-event response asymmetries near the mouth are in qualitative agreement with observations and are opposite to asymmetries closer to the head.
机译：使用长口渡轮附近的长期电流观测，未分层和分层的数值模拟（沿长距离），对长岛声音（LIS）（受旋转和分层影响的大型潮汐河口）对风事件的响应进行了研究。河口风，以及基于线性正压理论的解析解。观察到的顺河口风的风速异常具有表面强化的逆风流，其侧翼是更深的中央逆风流。对河口上风事件的响应幅度较小，顺风范围更广，更浓。由新定义的无量纲横向对齐指数确定，顺风和逆风的流向比横向垂直排列更顺。模拟结果和解析解决方案共享观察到的响应的总体空间模式，尽管统计指标表明一致性较弱。模拟结果和解析解中的沿河口变化遵循相似的趋势，并且受测深剖面的变化影响很大。截面平均动力学中的风事件异常主要由与风应力相对的沿河口压力梯度决​​定。在分层模拟中，风速密度对流，等渗应变和搅拌会改变分层，涡流粘度和斜压梯度。斜压梯度的风事件响应是正压梯度的15％，但与上入和下入风的响应差异动态相关。靠近嘴的风事件响应不对称性与观察结果在质量上一致，并且与靠近头部的不对称性相反。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Physical Oceanography》 |2011年第7期|p.1308-1327|共20页
  • 作者

    Michael M.Whitney; Daniel L.Codiga;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut;

    Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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