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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Physical Oceanography >Estimating Air-sea Heat Fluxes In Semienclosed Basins: The Case Of The Gulf Of Elat (aqaba)
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Estimating Air-sea Heat Fluxes In Semienclosed Basins: The Case Of The Gulf Of Elat (aqaba)

机译：估计半封闭盆地海气通量：以埃拉特湾（aqaba）为例

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Meteorological and oceanographic data collected at the head of the Gulf of Elat were used to compute the air-sea heat flux components and the heat storage in the water column, which are in turn used to estimate the heat balance of this semienclosed basin. The solar radiation was measured directly, whereas the longwave (LW) cooling and the turbulent heat fluxes (latent, LH; sensible, SH) were computed from commonly used bulk formulas. Nine formulas for LW and four formulas for LH + SH were tested for a total of 36 possible combinations. Independent estimates for the bounds on the advective heat flux through the straits and results from a one-dimensional mixed layer model provided criteria to help identify the best choice of bulk formulas for the gulf. It was concluded that the LW formula of Bignami together with the turbulent flux formulas of Kondo provide the best estimate of the heat balance of the gulf. Based on this, the annual mean evaporation is 1.6-1.8 m yr~(-1), with a minimum of 1 m yr~(-1) in (the long) summer and a maximum of 3-4 m yr~(-1) in (the short) winter. The increase in evaporation rate during the winter results from the instability of the atmosphere at that time when the sea surface temperature exceeds the air temperature; in the summer, when the air temperature is much higher than the sea surface temperature, evaporation nearly stops due to the atmospheric stability. This estimated evaporation rate for the gulf, which is similar for all four of the LH formulas considered, is significantly smaller than values commonly quoted in the literature. Finally, in contrast to previous studies, it is found that the advective heat flux from the Straits of Tiran is large and significant in spring, reaching an estimated value of over 125 W m~(-2), but its annually averaged value is only about 35-40 W m~(-2).
机译：在埃拉特湾（Gulf of Elat）头收集的气象和海洋学数据用于计算海气热通量分量和水柱中的热量存储，进而用于估算该半封闭盆地的热平衡。太阳辐射是直接测量的，而长波（LW）冷却和湍流通量（潜热，LH；敏感，SH）是根据常用的体积公式计算得出的。测试了LW的九种配方和LH + SH的四种配方，共测试了36种可能的组合。对流经海峡的对流热通量的界限的独立估计以及一维混合层模型的结果提供了标准，以帮助确定最佳的海湾散装配方选择。结论是，Bignami的LW公式与Kondo的湍流通量公式一起提供了对海湾热量平衡的最佳估计。基于此，年平均蒸发量为1.6-1.8 m yr〜（-1），在（长）夏季最小为1 m yr〜（-1），最大为3-4 m yr〜（- 1）在（短期）冬天。冬季蒸发量的增加是由于当时海面温度超过空气温度而引起的大气不稳定。在夏季，当空气温度远高于海面温度时，由于大气的稳定性蒸发几乎停止了。对于所考虑的所有四个LH公式，该估计的海湾蒸发速率都明显小于文献中通常引用的值。最后，与以往的研究相比，发现在春季，来自蒂兰海峡的平流热通量很大且很显着，估计值超过125 W m〜（-2），但每年的平均值仅为约35-40 W m〜（-2）。

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