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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Polymers and the Environment >Biodegradation of Agricultural Plastic Films: A Critical Review
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Biodegradation of Agricultural Plastic Films: A Critical Review

机译：农用塑料薄膜的生物降解：评论评述

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摘要

The growing use of plastics in agriculture has enabled farmers to increase their crop production. One major drawback of most polymers used in agriculture is the problem with their disposal, following their useful lifetime. Non-degradable polymers, being resistive to degradation (depending on the polymer, additives, conditions etc) tend to accumulate as plastic waste, creating a serious problem of plastic waste management. In cases such plastic waste ends-up in landfills or it is buried in soil, questions are raised about their possible effects on the environment, whether they biodegrade at all, and if they do, what is the rate of (bio?)degradation and what effect the products of (bio?)degradation have on the environment, including the effects of the additives used. Possible degradation of agricultural plastic waste should not result in contamination of the soil and pollution of the environment (including aesthetic pollution or problems with the agricultural products safety). Ideally, a degradable polymer should be fully biodegradable leaving no harmful substances in the environment. Most experts and acceptable standards define a fully biodegradable polymer as a polymer that is completely converted by microorganisms to carbon dioxide, water, mineral and biomass, with no negative environmental impact or ecotoxicity. However, part of the ongoing debate concerns the question of what is an acceptable period of time for the biodegradation to occur and how this is measured. Many polymers that are claimed to be 'biodegradable' are in fact 'bioerodable', 'hydrobiodegradable', 'photodegradable', controlled degradable or just partially biodegradable. This review paper attempts torndelineate the definition of degradability of polymers used in agriculture. Emphasis is placed on the controversial issues regarding biodegradability of some of these polymers.
机译：塑料在农业中的使用日益增加，使农民能够增加作物产量。用于农业的大多数聚合物的一个主要缺点是其使用寿命后其处置问题。抗降解性（取决于聚合物，添加剂，条件等）的不可降解聚合物往往会作为塑料废物堆积，从而造成了严重的塑料废物管理问题。如果此类塑料废物最终被填埋或掩埋在土壤中，则会引发疑问，这些废物可能对环境产生影响，它们是否会完全生物降解，如果能降解，生物降解速率是多少？ （生物）降解产物对环境有什么影响，包括所用添加剂的影响。农业塑料废料的可能降解不应导致土壤污染和环境污染（包括美学污染或农产品安全问题）。理想情况下，可降解聚合物应该是完全可生物降解的，不会在环境中留下有害物质。大多数专家和可接受的标准将完全可生物降解的聚合物定义为一种可被微生物完全转化为二氧化碳，水，矿物质和生物质的聚合物，不会对环境造成负面影响或产生生态毒性。但是，正在进行的辩论的一部分涉及以下问题：发生生物降解的可接受时间是多长时间以及如何对其进行测量。实际上，许多被称为“可生物降解”的聚合物是“可生物侵蚀的”，“可水解生物降解的”，“可光降解的”，可控制降解的或仅部分可生物降解的。这篇综述文章试图划定农业中使用的聚合物降解性的定义。重点放在有关这些聚合物中某些生物可降解性的有争议的问题上。

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