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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Polymers and the Environment >Nanocellulose from Industrial and Agricultural Waste for Further Use in PLA Composites
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Nanocellulose from Industrial and Agricultural Waste for Further Use in PLA Composites

机译：来自工业和农业废物的纳米纤维素，进一步用于PLA复合材料

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Cellulosic waste has stood out as potential materials for obtaining cellulose, since this raw material is highly available in a wide variety of species. These can be agricultural, forestry, or industrial. Cotton is an agricultural material of high cellulose content and great technological and economic importance. Another source with great potential is the waste from the paper industry. Both materials generate large amounts of waste that were little explored and uncorrected disposed. This work proposes the recycling of these two types of residue through the production of nanocellulose (cotton waste (CW-N) and industrial wastes (IW-N)) and their characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, morphological analysis, and thermal properties. The nanocelluloses (NCs) were incorporated in poly(lactic acid) matrix, and the composites were evaluated mechanically. After the isolation of the nanocelluloses, it was found that both materials showed similar physicochemical characteristics, such as chemical functional groups and atomic composition. However, the morphologies are very distinct: the CW-N is nanofibrillar, with mean diameter around 30 nm, and the IW-N is spherical and irregular, with radius varying from 30 to 100 nm, which can be associated with the different crystalline structure of the materials. The differences in the structure were evaluated through Rietveld Refinement, and the industrial residue showed the presence of impurities in large amounts, and an increase in the cellulosic content after the conversion into nanoscale. The biocomposites showed a significant increase in the mechanical results, with improvement in the tensile strength from 63 to 69 and 78 MPa to agricultural and industrial nanocelluloses, respectively, which is associated with the good stress transfer between the fillers and the matrix and possible interactions between the active sites of PLA and nanocelluloses. Graphic
机译：纤维素废物被淘汰作为获得纤维素的潜在材料，因为这种原料在各种各样的物种中高度可用。这些可以是农业，林业或工业。棉是一种高纤维素含量的农业材料，技术和经济重视。另一个具有巨大潜力的来源是造纸行业的废物。两种材料都会产生大量的废物，这些浪费很少探索和未经校正的处置。这项工作提出了通过生产纳米纤维素（棉废物（CW-N）和工业废物（IW-N））回收这两种残留物的回收，并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱，动态光散射，X射线光电子光谱学，X射线衍射，形态学分析和热性能。纳米纤维素（NCS）掺入聚（乳酸）基质中，并机械评估复合材料。在分离纳米纤维素之后，发现两种材料显示出类似的物理化学特性，例如化学官能团和原子组合物。然而，形态学非常明显：CW-N是纳米纤维条，平均直径约为30nm，并且IW-N是球形和不规则的，半径不同于30至100nm，这可以与不同的晶体结构相关联材料。通过RIETVELD改进评估结构的差异，并且产业残留物显示大量杂质的存在，并在转化为纳米级后的纤维素含量增加。生物复合材料显着增加了机械结果，分别从63至69和78MPa分别改善了抗拉强度，分别与农业和工业纳米纤维素有关，这与填料和基质之间的良好应力转移以及可能的相互作用相关。 PLA和纳米纤维素的活性位点。形象的

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