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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Polymers and the Environment >Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Totally Chlorine Free Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pulp
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Isolation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Totally Chlorine Free Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pulp

机译：从完全无氯的油棕空果串浆中分离和表征纳米纤维素

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Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated from a totally chlorine free (TCF) bleached oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pulp via acid hydrolysis using a 58 % sulfuric acid concentration and ultrasonic treatment. The effects of acid concentration and hydrolysis time were investigated. Characterization of OPEFB-NCC was carried out using TEM, FTIR, C-13-NMR, XRD, zeta potential and TGA. The optimal hydrolysis time was 80 min as indicated by the leveling off of the OPEFB-NCC dimensions (length 150 nm and diameter 6.5 nm) with no significant loss of crystallinity at this point. The presence of a shoulder peak at 1231 cm(-1) (assigned to a sulfate group) in the FTIR spectrum of NCC is indicative of a successful esterification. This is further corroborated by the C-13-NMR analysis whereby the distinct C4 amorphous and crystalline peaks present in OPEFB-TCF pulp had almost disappeared and the cluster of signals for C2, C3, C5, and a well separated signal of C6 had merged into one single peak in the OPEFB-NCC sample. These observations allude to most of the amorphous region having been removed and to the strong possibility of sulfonation having not only occurred on the C6, but also on C2 and C3. OPEFB-NCC isolated over shorter hydrolysis time was more thermally stable; however, the char fraction decreases with hydrolysis time despite having a higher zeta potential. The results of this investigation demonstrate that NCC can be produced from pulp made by chlorine free environmentally benign processes with ensuing savings in energy and chemicals.
机译：通过使用58％的硫酸浓度和超声处理，通过酸水解从完全无氯（TCF）漂白的油棕空果束（OPEFB）纸浆中分离出纳米晶纤维素（NCC）。研究了酸浓度和水解时间的影响。使用TEM，FTIR，C-13-NMR，XRD，ζ电位和TGA对OPEFB-NCC进行表征。最佳水解时间为80分钟，如OPEFB-NCC尺寸（长度150 nm和直径6.5 nm）趋于平直所示，此时结晶度没有明显降低。 NCC的FTIR光谱中的1231 cm（-1）肩峰（存在于硫酸盐基团）的存在表明酯化成功。 C-13-NMR分析进一步证实了这一点，其中OPEFB-TCF纸浆中存在的独特的C4非晶和结晶峰几乎消失了，并且C2，C3，C5的信号簇和C6的分离良好的信号合并了进入OPEFB-NCC样品中的一个峰。这些观察结果暗示大多数非晶区已被除去，并且磺化的可能性很强，不仅发生在C6上，而且发生在C2和C3上。在较短的水解时间内分离出的OPEFB-NCC具有更高的热稳定性；然而，尽管具有更高的ζ电位，但是焦炭分数随水解时间而降低。这项调查的结果表明，可以通过无氯环保工艺生产的纸浆生产NCC，从而节省能源和化学药品。

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