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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of product innovation management >Integrating Knowledge and Knowledge Processes: A Critical Incident Study of Product Development Projects
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Integrating Knowledge and Knowledge Processes: A Critical Incident Study of Product Development Projects

机译：整合知识和知识过程：产品开发项目的关键事件研究

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Various scholars have argued that knowledge processes in organizations are integrally linked in practice. The extant literature though treats them separately and thereby disregards the interactions and tensions between them. A result of this way of studying knowledge processes is that little is known about their relative importance and how they work together. This paper addresses this gap in the literature through a critical incident study of knowledge processes in product development projects of high-tech small firms. The paper starts off with a conceptual framework comprised of four knowledge processes-knowledge creation, knowledge application, knowledge integration, and knowledge retention-and their interactions. From the framework, three hypotheses are derived concerning the importance of these types of knowledge processes and their interactions, which in turn guide the empirical research. The hypotheses were tested in a retrospective study of 58 critical incidents in product development projects of 16 high-tech small firms in the Netherlands. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using the critical incident interviewing technique. Interviewees were asked to "relive" and describe particular successful and unsuccessful examples of product development projects in the past. The analysis of the interview data focused upon whether there are differences between successful and unsuccessful projects in the types of knowledge processes and interactions that are performed. After coding all data into the various types of knowledge processes and interactions of the framework, t-tests were used to test for significance of differences. The findings indicate that the difference between success and failure in these projects lies primarily in the extent to which knowledge integration and integration between knowledge processes have taken place. These findings demonstrate that, of the four knowledge processes, knowledge integration had the most significant impact on product development project success. The study demonstrates furthermore that higher degrees of interactions between knowledge processes were also associated with project success. Despite the limitations of this study, these results provide empirical support for the claim that integration is a key factor in organizations in general and in innovation projects in particular. For academics, this suggests further research on knowledge integration, and integration between knowledge processes, is warranted. For practitioners, it means that integration is a key process to be considered when choosing and executing new product development projects.
机译：许多学者认为，组织中的知识过程在实践中是不可或缺的。现有的文献虽然将它们分开对待，但忽略了它们之间的相互作用和张力。这种研究知识过程的方式的结果是，人们对它们的相对重要性以及它们如何协同工作知之甚少。本文通过对高科技小公司产品开发项目中知识过程的关键事件研究来解决文献中的这一空白。本文从一个概念框架开始，该框架由四个知识过程（知识创建，知识应用，知识整合和知识保留）及其相互作用组成。从该框架中，得出了关于这些类型的知识过程及其相互作用的重要性的三个假设，这反过来又指导了实证研究。在对荷兰16家高科技小公司的产品开发项目中58项关键事件的回顾性研究中检验了这些假设。使用关键事件访谈技术通过半结构化访谈收集数据。要求受访者“重温”并描述过去产品开发项目的一些成功和失败的例子。访谈数据的分析着眼于成功项目与失败项目之间在知识过程和交互方式方面是否存在差异。在将所有数据编码为各种类型的知识过程和框架的交互之后，使用t检验来检验差异的显着性。研究结果表明，这些项目成功与失败之间的区别主要在于知识整合和知识过程之间整合的程度。这些发现表明，在四个知识过程中，知识集成对产品开发项目的成功有最重大的影响。该研究进一步表明，知识过程之间更高程度的交互作用也与项目成功相关。尽管这项研究有局限性，但这些结果为以下观点提供了实证支持：整合是整个组织尤其是创新项目的关键因素。对于学者而言，这表明有必要对知识整合以及知识过程之间的整合进行进一步的研究。对于从业者来说，这意味着集成是选择和执行新产品开发项目时要考虑的关键过程。

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