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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of product innovation management >Product Technology Transfer in the Upstream Supply Chain
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Product Technology Transfer in the Upstream Supply Chain

机译：上游供应链中的产品技术转移

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This article addresses the transfer of new product technologies from outside the firm for integration into a new product system as part of a product development effort. Product technology transfer is a key activity in the complex process of new product development and is the fundamental link in the technology supply chain. Product technology transfer too often is dealt with in an ad-hoc fashion. Purposeful management of the product technology transfer process leads to more effective transfers in terms of timeliness, cost, functional performance, and competence building. Better management of product technology transfer gives firms access to a greater variety of new technology options, improves a firm's ability to offer significantly differentiated products, deepens the firm's competitive competencies, and positively influences sustained product development success. The central objective of this article is to gain insight into product technology transfer so that companies can manage this process more successfully and so that researchers can investigate this critical activity further. This article describes the technology supply chain as a unique form of a supply chain that poses a set of managerial challenges and requirements distinguishing it from the more traditional component supply chain. Because a single product technology transfer project is the fundamental piece in the technology supply chain, understanding this piece well is key to leveraging the extended technology supply chain and to improving overall product development performance. This article integrates literatures on new product development, supply chain management, and technology management and builds on organizational theory to present a conceptual model of determinants of product technology transfer success. The core proposition is that product technology transfer effectiveness is greatest when companies carefully match (or "fit") the type of technology to be transferred (the "technology uncertainty") with the type of relationship between the technology supplier and recipient (the "interorganizational interaction"). A quite detailed framework characterizing technology uncertainty along the dimensions of technology novelty, complexity, and tacitness is presented to help in assessing the challenges associated with transferring a particular product technology. This article also considers detailed elements characterizing the interorganizational interactions between the technology source and recipient firms. This helps firms consider the appropriate means to facilitate the interfirm process of technology transfer. Overall, this article provides practical insight into characterizing technologies and into improving the product technology transfer process. This article also provides a strong theoretical foundation to aid future research on product technology transfer in the technology supply chain.
机译：本文介绍了从公司外部转移新产品技术，以便将其集成到新产品系统中，作为产品开发工作的一部分。产品技术转让是新产品开发复杂过程中的关键活动，并且是技术供应链中的基本环节。产品技术转让经常以临时方式处理。对产品技术转移过程的有目的的管理可以在及时性，成本，功能性能和能力建设方面实现更有效的转移。更好地管理产品技术转让，使公司可以使用更多新技术，提高公司提供差异化​​产品的能力，加深公司的竞争能力，并对持续的产品开发成功产生积极影响。本文的主要目的是深入了解产品技术转让，以便公司可以更成功地管理此过程，并让研究人员可以进一步调查这一关键活动。本文将技术供应链描述为一种独特的供应链形式，它带来了一系列管理上的挑战和要求，使其有别于传统组件供应链。由于单个产品技术转让项目是技术供应链中的基础部分，因此，充分了解这一部分是利用扩展的技术供应链和改善整体产品开发绩效的关键。本文综合了有关新产品开发，供应链管理和技术管理的文献，并以组织理论为基础，提出了决定产品技术转移成功的概念模型。核心主张是，当公司仔细地将要转让的技术类型（“技术不确定性”）与技术供应商和接收方之间的关系类型（“组织间的相互作用”）。提出了一个非常详细的框架，该框架以技术新颖性，复杂性和默认性为特征来描述技术不确定性，以帮助评估与转让特定产品技术相关的挑战。本文还考虑了表征技术来源与接受者公司之间的组织间交互作用的详细元素。这有助于公司考虑采用适当的手段来促进企业间技术转让的过程。总体而言，本文提供了有关表征技术和改善产品技术转移过程的实用见解。本文还为将来在技术供应链中进行产品技术转让的研究提供了坚实的理论基础。

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