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Policy formulation, governance shifts and policy influence: location and content in policy advisory systems

机译：政策制定，治理转变和政策影响：政策咨询系统中的位置和内容

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Most studies of policy formulation focus on the nature and kind of advice provided to decision-makers and think of this as originating from a system of interacting elements: a "policy advisory system". Policy influence in such models has historically been viewed as based on considerations of the proximate location of policy advisors vis a vis the government, linked to related factors such as the extent to which governments are able to control sources of advice. While not explicitly stated, this approach typically presents the content of policy advice as either partisan "political" or administratively "technical" in nature. This article assesses the merits of these locational models against evidence of shifts in governance arrangements that have blurred both the inside vs outside and technical vs political dimensions of policy formulation environments. It argues that the growing plurality of advisory sources and the polycentrism associated with these governance shifts challenge the utility of both the implied content and locational dimensions of traditional models of policy advice systems. A revised approach is advanced that sees influence more as a product of content than location. The article concludes by raising several hypotheses for future research linking advisory system behaviour to governance arrangements.
机译：关于政策制定的大多数研究都侧重于向决策者提供的建议的性质和种类，并认为这源于相互作用的要素系统：“政策咨询系统”。从历史上看，这种模型中的政策影响被认为是基于政策顾问相对于政府所处位置的考虑，并与诸如政府能够控制意见来源的程度等相关因素相关联。尽管没有明确说明，但此方法通常将政策建议的内容呈现为党派性质的“政治”或行政上的“技术”。本文根据治理安排变化的证据评估了这些区位模型的优点，这些变化已经模糊了政策制定环境的内部，外部以及技术和政治方面。它认为，越来越多的咨询资源以及与这些治理转变相关的多中心主义挑战了传统政策咨询系统模型的隐含内容和位置维度的实用性。提出了一种改进的方法，该方法将影响更多地视为内容的产物而不是位置。本文最后提出了一些将咨询系统行为与治理安排联系起来的未来研究假设。

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