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New Modes of Governance in the Spanish Electricity and Gas Sectors

机译：西班牙电力和天然气行业的新治理模式

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This paper analyses the institutional framework of the Spanish electricity and gas markets from their emergence at the beginning of the twentieth century until the liberalisation process encouraged by the European Union. European processes of liberalisation involving the introduction of regulation and competition and the application of non-hierarchical modes have raised the number of both public and private actors taking part in sectoral governance. However, none of these modes is new for the sector. A historical perspective shows the conditions under which the threat of governmental intervention and the discretion granted to sectoral governance differed significantly between sectors. While the threat to nationalise and monopolise the electricity sector contributed to the creation of a private agent and a model of self-regulation with a large measure of discretion, in the gas sector the public presence was strong and control tight. Thus, the paper concludes that one should not presuppose that old modes of governance are strongly governmental and hierarchical. The opposite proves to be the case in the Spanish electricity sector, where new modes of governance are now more linked to hierarchy.
机译：本文分析了西班牙电力和天然气市场的体制框架，从二十世纪初开始到欧洲联盟鼓励的自由化进程。欧洲的自由化进程包括引入管制和竞争以及采用非等级制模式，这增加了参与部门治理的公共和私人行为者的数量。但是，这些模式都不是该行业的新功能。从历史的角度来看，各部门之间政府干预的威胁和部门治理的酌处权存在很大差异。虽然将电力部门国有化和垄断的威胁促成了私营部门的建立和高度自由裁量权的自我调节模式，但在天然气部门，公众的参与度很高且控制严密。因此，本文得出的结论是，不应以旧的治理模式为强政府和等级制为前提。在西班牙电力部门，情况恰恰相反，新的治理模式现在与等级制度之间的联系越来越紧密。

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