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Sunderland's Railways

机译：桑德兰的铁路

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This volume is a revised and updated version of the author's Railways of Sunderland, published by the local Museums Service in 1985 and gives a succinct account of the railways in and around the city. The first section deals with the development of the network, starting with the eighteenth-century waggonways that connected local mines to their nearest point on the navigable River Wear: in an early example of intermodal transport, the chaldrons were then loaded onto keels to be taken down-river to Sunderland for coastwise shipping. By the 1820s lines were being laid direct to Sunderland and the development of staithes along the tidal Wear had begun. Main line railways arrived in the 1830s, connecting the town to Durham, Newcastle and Hartlepool: in the 1840s these all fell into the hands of George Hudson, who was instrumental in the building of the South Dock and whom a grateful electorate continued to return to Westminster as MP until 1859. Under the North Eastern Railway, the disparate lines north and south of the Wear were finally connected by the Monkwearmouth Junction Railway, a new central station built and a more direct line towards Teesside opened. The rest of the book is taken up with a short discussion of railway staff and a description of some of the more important lines, including those taken over by the National Coal Board in 1947 and which involved a considerable amount of running over BR metals.
机译：该卷是1985年当地博物馆服务的作者的桑德兰的作者铁路的修订和更新版本，并在城市和周围地区提供了简洁的铁路。第一个部分涉及网络的发展，从十八世纪的威尔戈扬，将当地矿山连接到可通航河佩戴的最近点：在多式联运的早期例子中，然后将碳铝装入龙骨上以进行龙骨沿着河流到桑德兰的海岸航运。在1820年代的线路被直接铺设到桑德兰，沿着潮汐磨损的尖端发展已经开始。主要线路铁路到达了1830年代，将小镇连接到达勒姆，纽卡斯尔和哈特利浦：在1840年代，这些都陷入了乔治哈德森的手中，他在南路码头建设中有助于乐于助长的人威斯敏斯特担任议员，直到1859年。在东北铁路下，北部和南部的不同线路终于由蒙克·南交界路，新的中央火车站建造，朝向Teesside更直接的线路。本书的其余部分是对铁路工作人员的简短讨论以及一些更重要的线条的描述，包括1947年由国家煤炭委员会接管的那些，涉及大量跑过BR金属。

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