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An Extreme Value Approach for Modeling Operational Risk Losses Depending on Covariates

机译:基于协变量的操作风险损失建模的极值方法

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摘要

A general methodology for modeling loss data depending on covariates is developed. The parameters of the frequency and severity distributions of the losses may depend on covariates. The loss frequency over time is modeled with a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with rate function depending on the covariates. This corresponds to a generalized additive model, which can be estimated with spline smoothing via penalized maximum likelihood estimation. The loss severity over time is modeled with a nonstationary generalized Pareto distribution (alternatively, a generalized extreme value distribution) depending on the covariates. Since spline smoothing cannot directly be applied in this case, an efficient algorithm based on orthogonal parameters is suggested. The methodology is applied both to simulated loss data and a database of operational risk losses collected from public media. Estimates, including confidence intervals, for risk measures such as Value-at-Risk as required by the Basel II/III framework are computed. Furthermore, an implementation of the statistical methodology in R is provided.
机译:开发了一种根据协变量建模损失数据的通用方法。损失的频率和严重性分布的参数可能取决于协变量。损耗频率随时间的变化是通过非均一的Poisson过程建模的,其中速率函数取决于协变量。这对应于广义的加性模型,可以通过样条平滑通过惩罚的最大似然估计来估计。随时间变化的损失严重程度可根据协变量使用非平稳的广义Pareto分布(或者,广义的极值分布)建模。由于在这种情况下不能直接应用样条平滑,因此提出了一种基于正交参数的有效算法。该方法既适用于模拟损失数据,也适用于从公共媒体收集的操作风险损失数据库。计算出诸如巴塞尔协议II / III框架所要求的风险值之类的风险度量值的估计值,包括置信区间。此外,提供了R中统计方法的实现。

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  • 来源
    《The Journal of Risk and Insurance》 |2016年第3期|735-776|共42页
  • 作者单位

    Univ Lausanne, Fac Business & Econ, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;

    ETH, Dept Math, RiskLab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland|ETH, Swiss Finance Inst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Univ Waterloo, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;

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