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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of risk research >The Swedish KBS project: a last word in nuclear fuel safety prepares to conquer the world?
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The Swedish KBS project: a last word in nuclear fuel safety prepares to conquer the world?

机译：瑞典KBS项目：核燃料安全的最后一句话准备征服世界吗？

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摘要

This paper addresses the long-standing association between the management of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden and the industry-led KBS (Karnbranslesakerhet/ Nuclear Fuel Safety) research, development and demonstration project. This project was born under extraordinary circumstances during the 1970s when the future of nuclear power generation in Sweden was made conditional upon the nuclear industry's ability to publicly demonstrate the possibility of achieving 'absolute' nuclear fuel safety. Due to the success of the KBS project in bringing controversy to an end, and in winning the stamp of government approval for successive versions of its KBS concept, the achievement of nuclear fuel safety in Sweden has, for approaching 25 years now, centred on the stepwise implementation of the multi-barrier KBS-3 concept for the direct geological disposal of the nation's spent nuclear fuel. While the KBS-3 concept can be seen as representing a long-run victory of nuclear waste technology over conflictual nuclear politics in Sweden, this victory has remained incomplete so long as a site for a deep repository and the materialisation of the concept has remained undecided. Since 2002, the siting process has been re-centred on the KBS project's two historically preferred sites where Sweden's existing nuclear waste facilities are already clustered. As will be discussed in this paper, just when the KBS-3 concept appears close to fully materialising itself, it has run into yet another serious hurdle and an Environmental Impact Assessment process in respect of the Swedish Environmental Code - comprehensive environmental legislation introduced in 1999, more than 20 years after the KBS project was initiated. In facing this latest hurdle, it is becoming increasingly apparent that KBS-3, through the recent internationalisation of the Swedish nuclear industry, has outgrown its identity as a national solution to nuclear fuel safety, and is on the verge of mutating into a global platform in spent fuel/high-level waste management practice and technology.
机译：本文探讨了瑞典乏核燃料管理与行业主导的KBS（Karnbranslesakerhet /核燃料安全）研究，开发和示范项目之间的长期联系。该项目是在1970年代的特殊情况下诞生的，当时瑞典核电的未来以核工业公开展示实现“绝对”核燃料安全性的能力为条件。由于KBS项目成功地结束了争议，并赢得了政府对其KBS概念的后续版本的认可，因此，瑞典在核燃料安全方面的成就已接近25年，其重点是逐步实施多屏障KBS-3概念，以对美国乏核燃料进行直接地质处置。虽然KBS-3概念可以看作代表了核废料技术战胜了瑞典在冲突核政治方面的长期胜利，但只要存在一个更深的存储库并且该概念的实现尚未确定，这一胜利就仍然是不完整的。 。自2002年以来，选址过程已重新集中到KBS项目的两个历史首选地点，瑞典现有的核废料设施已经集中在该地点。正如本文将要讨论的那样，当KBS-3概念似乎即将完全实现时，就瑞典环境法典而言，它又遇到了另一个严重障碍和环境影响评估程序-1999年引入的全面环境立法，距离KBS项目启动已经20多年了。面对这一最新障碍，通过瑞典核工业的最近国际化，KBS-3变得越来越不明显，它已不再是国家作为核燃料安全解决方案的身份，并且正处于向全球平台转变的边缘乏燃料/高级废物管理实践和技术。

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