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Multilevel hierarchical Bayesian versus state space approach in time series small area estimation: the DutchTravel Survey

机译:时间序列小面积估计中的多层分层贝叶斯与状态空间方法:荷兰旅行调查

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摘要

This study compares state space models (estimated with the Kalman filter with a frequentist approach to hyperparameter estimation) with multilevel time series models (based on the hierarchical Bayesian framework). The application chosen is the Dutch Travel Survey featuring small sample sizes and discontinuities caused by the survey redesigns. Both modelling approaches deliver similar point and variance estimates. Slight differences in model-based variance estimates appear mostly in small-scaled domains and are due to neglecting uncertainty around the hyperparameter estimates in the state space models, and to a lesser extent to skewness in the posterior distributions of the parameters of interest. The results suggest that the reduction in design-based standard errors with the hierarchical Bayesian approach is over 50% at the provincial level, and over 30% at the national level.
机译:这项研究将状态空间模型(基于卡尔曼滤波器,采用一种频繁出现的超参数估计方法)与多级时间序列模型(基于分层贝叶斯框架)进行了比较。选择的应用程序是荷兰旅行调查,该调查具有因重新设计调查而导致的小样本量和不连续性的特点。两种建模方法都提供相似的点和方差估计。基于模型的方差估计中的细微差异主要出现在小规模域中,这是由于忽略了状态空间模型中超参数估计周围的不确定性,以及较小程度地关注了相关参数的后验分布中的偏度。结果表明,采用分层贝叶斯方法的基于设计的标准误差减少在省一级超过50%,在国家一级超过30%。

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