The Chastain effect: Using Title Ⅸ to measure the causal effect of participating in high school sports on adult women's social lives

Phoebe Clarke; Ian Ayres

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The Chastain effect: Using Title Ⅸ to measure the causal effect of participating in high school sports on adult women's social lives

机译：查斯顿效应：使用标题Ⅸ衡量参加中学运动对成年女性社交生活的因果关系

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Many studies have sought to estimate the effects of participating in sports on ex-athletes' adult lives. This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, it adopts an instrumental-variables method pioneered by Betsey Stevenson (2010) in which variation in rates of boys' athletic participation across states before the passage of Title Ⅸ is used to instrument for changes in girls' athletic participation following its passage, thereby avoiding selection bias and allowing for causal estimates. Second, it looks at the effect of participating in sports not on economic, but on social outcomes. In particular, we find that a ten percentage-point increase in state-level female sports participation generates a five to six percentage-point rise in the rate of female secularism, a five percentage-point increase in the proportion of women who are mothers, and a six percentage-point rise in the proportion of mothers who, at the time that they are interviewed, are single mothers. While our results appear to paint a picture of independence from potentially patriarchal institutions (church and marriage), further research is necessary to understand whether our results can be attributed to a single story such as this one or whether they are the products of multiple causal mechanisms.

机译：许多研究试图评估参加运动对前运动员成年生活的影响。本文通过两种方式为现有文献做出贡献。首先，它采用了贝特西·史蒂文森（Betsey Stevenson（2010））率先提出的一种工具变量方法，该方法使用标题passage passage行前各州男孩运动参与率的变化来衡量女孩passage行通过后男孩运动参与的变化，从而避免选择偏见并考虑因果关系。其次，它考察了参加体育运动对经济的影响，而不是对社会成果的影响。特别是，我们发现，州一级的女性参加体育运动的比例增加了10个百分点，则导致女性世俗主义的比例增加了5至6个百分点，母亲的女性比例则增加了5个百分点，在接受采访时，单身母亲的比例上升了六个百分点。虽然我们的研究结果似乎描绘出脱离潜在的父权制机构（教会和婚姻）的独立性，但仍需要进行进一步的研究，以了解我们的研究结果是否可以归因于诸如此类的单一故事，或者它们是否是多种因果机制的产物。

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来源
《Journal of socio-economics》 |2014年第2期|62-71|共10页
作者
Phoebe Clarke; Ian Ayres;
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作者单位

Yale Law School, 127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States;

Yale Law School, 127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
Athletic; Sport; Religion; Motherhood; Mother; Children; Instrumental variable; Title Ⅸ;

机译：运动运动;宗教;孕产;母亲;儿童;工具变量;标题Ⅸ;

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1. BEYOND THE CLASSROOM: USING TITLE IX TO MEASURE THE RETURN TO HIGH SCHOOL SPORTS [J] . Betsey Stevenson Review of Economics and Statistics . 2010,第2期

机译：超越课堂：使用标题IX衡量重返高中运动
2. A sentiment analysis of who participates, how and why, at social media sport websites How differently men and women write about football [J] . Babac Marina Bagic, Podobnik Vedran Online Information Review . 2016,第6期

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3. Sports-specific factors, perceived peer drinking, and alcohol-related behaviors among adolescents participating in school-based sports in Southwest Georgia. [J] . Mays D, Thompson N, Kushner HI, Addictive behaviors . 2010,第3期

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5. Understanding identity and psychosocial functioning through the lived experiences of African American collegiate athletes participating in revenue producing sports: A hermeneutic phenomenological approach [D] . Percy, Vernon Ettienne 2007

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6. How do women with eating disorders experience a new treatment combining guided physical exercise and dietary therapy? An interview study of women participating in a randomised controlled trial at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences [O] . Gunn Pettersen, Solveig Sørdal, Jan H Rosenvinge, 2017

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The Chastain effect: Using Title Ⅸ to measure the causal effect of participating in high school sports on adult women's social lives

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