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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of soil & sediments >Effects of different fertilization regimes on nitrogen and phosphorus losses by surface runoff and bacterial community in a vegetable soil
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Effects of different fertilization regimes on nitrogen and phosphorus losses by surface runoff and bacterial community in a vegetable soil

机译：不同施肥方式对菜地土壤径流和细菌群落氮磷流失的影响

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PurposeVegetables are major economic crops in China. Their cultivation usually involves high fertilizer application rates leading to significant losses of N and P to the wider environment, resulting in water contamination and low nutrient use efficiency. Hence, it is a matter of urgency to understand the mechanisms and factors that affect N and P losses in vegetable production systems in order to develop optimum fertilization regimes.Materials and methodsDifferent fertilization regimes were applied in a long-term chili (Capsicum spp. L.) production soil to study the effects on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff losses, microbial biomass, microbial community, and crop yields. Three fertilization regimes were implemented: control (no fertilizer; CK), farmer's fertilization practice (FFP), and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). A fixed collection device was used to quantify the total volume of water output after each precipitation event. All water samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP). Soil samples were collected for analysis of the physicochemical properties and for DNA extraction after chili harvest. High-throughput sequencing was used to further investigate the relationship between the microbial community and nutrient losses.Results and discussionThe SSNM fertilizer regime resulted in a 23.3% yield increase and enhanced agronomic N use efficiency from 11.87 to 15.67% compared with the FFP treatment. Soil available nutrients (i.e., AN and AP) and ATP content increased significantly after SSNM implementation. Under the SSNM regime, N losses decreased by 25.8% compared with FFP but did not lead to significantly different P losses. High-throughput sequencing results showed that each treatment formed a unique microbial community structure. VPA results revealed that the microbial community structure was mainly (50.56%) affected by the interactions between N and P. Mantel results indicated that the soil properties that significantly affected soil microbial community structure followed the order: AP, AK, and salinity.ConclusionsOur study has demonstrated that SSNM not only generates lower N losses but also provides higher contents of soil available nutrients and plant yield, which were mainly attributed to the multiple top dressings and meeting of the plants' demand with adequate nutrient supplies. The combined data showed that the microbial community differentiation between the different fertilizer regimes was mainly linked to the interactions between N and P in the soil.
机译：目的蔬菜是中国的主要经济作物。它们的耕种通常涉及高施肥量，导致氮和磷大量流失到更广泛的环境中，导致水污染和低养分利用效率。因此，迫切需要了解影响蔬菜生产系统中氮和磷流失的机制和因素，以开发最佳施肥制度。材料和方法长期施肥的辣椒（辣椒属植物L. 。）生产土壤，以研究其对氮（N）和磷（P）径流损失，微生物生物量，微生物群落和农作物产量的影响。实施了三种施肥制度：控制（不施肥； CK），农民的施肥实践（FFP）和特定地点的养分管理（SSNM）。使用固定的收集装置定量每个降水事件后的总出水量。分析所有水样品中的总氮，铵态氮（NH4 + -N），硝酸盐氮（NO3--N），总磷（TP）和有效磷（AP）。收集土壤样品用于理化性质分析和辣椒收获后DNA提取。结果和讨论SSNM施肥方案比FFP处理的产量提高了23.3％，农艺氮利用效率从11.87％提高到15.67％，从而进一步研究了微生物群落与养分流失之间的关系。 SSNM实施后，土壤有效养分（即AN和AP）和ATP含量显着增加。在SSNM体制下，氮素损失与FFP相比下降了25.8％，但并未导致磷素损失显着不同。高通量测序结果表明，每种处理均形成独特的微生物群落结构。 VPA结果表明，微生物群落结构主要受N和P相互作用的影响（50.56％）。Mantel结果表明，对土壤微生物群落结构有显着影响的土壤特性依次为AP，AK和盐度。已经证明SSNM不仅产生较低的氮损失，而且提供更高含量的土壤速效养分和植物产量，这主要归因于多种追肥和满足植物的需求并提供了充足的养分。综合数据表明，不同肥料类型之间的微生物群落分化主要与土壤中氮磷之间的相互作用有关。

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