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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of soils & sediments >Trace and major element contents, microbial communities, and enzymatic activities of urban soils of Marrakech city along an anthropization gradient
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Trace and major element contents, microbial communities, and enzymatic activities of urban soils of Marrakech city along an anthropization gradient

机译：沿着人类化梯度的痕量和主要元素内容，微生物社区和城市土壤城市土壤的酶促活动

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摘要

Purpose Due to their close proximity with the population, urban soils are extensively affected by human activities that release considerable technogenic inputs resulting in an overall soil degradation and leading to an increase of water-extractable fraction of trace elements. This work aimed to determine the influence of anthropization on trace and major element concentrations and to assess how it might also affect soil biochemical and microbiological parameters in an urban area of Marrakech city, Morocco.Materials and methods The work was carried out on nine topsoils located along an anthropogenic gradient from a suburban area to the city center. The percentage of technogenic fraction (TGF) (e.g., building material, plastic, wood, metallic material, bones, glass, paper, fabric) was used to quantify the degree of human interference in the different soils. Physicochemical parameters were measured: pH (in water solution), TOC (Anne method), TKN, and Olsen phosphorus. The total fraction of trace and major elements (ISO NF 11446) and their water-soluble fraction were analyzed with an ICP-OES. Enumeration of cultivable microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) was conducted on culture media. Dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and urease activities were colorimetrically measured, and the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique.Results and discussion In general, trace and major element concentrations showed increasing levels along the anthropogenic gradient, except for Ca, Mg, B, and Cd. However, trace element concentrations remained below the standard international limits for soils. Total numbers of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) varied significantly among sites, with bacterial counts directly related to the anthropogenic gradient, significantly increasing from suburban area to the city center. Dehydrogenase activity decreased throughout the anthropogenic gradient, while phosphatase and urease activities varied between sites independently of the gradient. DGGE profiles showed that bacterial diversity was higher in the most anthropized soils, where their community structure seemed to be influenced by the total concentrations of Zn, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and the technogenic fraction.Conclusions Overall, trace and major element concentrations and the technogenic fraction were higher with increasing levels of urbanization. Microbiological and biochemical parameters appeared significantly influenced by the anthropogenic inputs without being systematically inhibited along the anthropogenic gradient. Dehydrogenase activity decreased along the anthropization gradient, and thus may be used as a proxy to assess the effect of anthropization on soil biological functions.
机译：目的由于它们与人口近距离接近，城市土壤广泛受人类活动影响，释放相当大的介绍性投入，导致整体土壤退化，导致可水可溶性分数的微量元素增加。这项工作旨在确定人体化对痕量和主要元素浓度的影响，并评估如何影响马拉喀什市城市城市地区的土壤生化和微生物学参数，摩洛哥。制造和方法在九根表土上进行了作品沿着从郊区到市中心的人为梯度。介绍馏分（TGF）（例如，建筑材料，塑料，木材，金属材料，骨骼，玻璃，纸，织物）的百分比用于量化不同土壤中的人类干扰程度。测量物理化学参数：pH（水溶液中），TOC（ANNE方法），TKN和OLSEN磷。用ICP-OES分析痕量和主要元素（ISO NF 11446）的总分数及其水溶性级分。在培养基上进行培养微生物（细菌，真菌，放线菌）。脱氢酶，碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性是比例测量的，并且通过使梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术变性来确定土壤细菌群落的结构和多样性。一般而言之，痕量和主要元素浓度沿着人为沿着人工学的水平增加梯度，除CA，Mg，B和CD外。然而，痕量元素浓度仍然低于土壤的标准国际限制。微生物（细菌，真菌和放线菌）的总数在遗址中显着变化，细菌计数与人为梯度直接相关，从郊区到市中心显着增加。脱氢酶活性在整个人为梯度下降，而磷酸酶和脲酶活性不同于梯度的位点之间变化。 DGGE曲线显示，最占状化的土壤中细菌多样性更高，其中它们的群落结构似乎受到Zn总浓度的影响，如Cr，Cu，Ni，Pb和介绍性分数。总体，痕迹和主要随着城市化水平的增加，元素浓度和技术级别较高。显着受到人为输入的显着影响的微生物和生物化学参数，而不会沿着人为梯度系统抑制。脱氢酶活性沿着拟化梯度降低，因此可以用作评估递形化对土壤生物学功能的影响的代理。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of soils & sediments》 |2019年第5期|2153-2165|共13页
  • 作者

    Naylo Ahmed; Almeida Pereira Sofia L.; Benidirel Leila; El Khalil Hicham; Castro Paula M. L.; Ouvrard Stephanie; Schwartz Christophe; Boularbah Ali;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Cadi Ayyad Lab Aliments Environm & Sante Fac Sci & Tech Marrakech BP 549 Gueliz Marrakech 40000 Morocco|Univ Lorraine INRA Lab Sols & Environm F-54000 Nancy France;

    Univ Cated Portuguesa CBQF Escola Super Biotecnol Lab Associado Rua Arquiteto Lobao Vital 172 P-4200374 Porto Portugal;

    Univ Cadi Ayyad Lab Aliments Environm & Sante Fac Sci & Tech Marrakech BP 549 Gueliz Marrakech 40000 Morocco;

    Univ Cadi Ayyad Lab Aliments Environm & Sante Fac Sci & Tech Marrakech BP 549 Gueliz Marrakech 40000 Morocco;

    Univ Cated Portuguesa CBQF Escola Super Biotecnol Lab Associado Rua Arquiteto Lobao Vital 172 P-4200374 Porto Portugal;

    Univ Lorraine INRA Lab Sols & Environm F-54000 Nancy France;

    Univ Lorraine INRA Lab Sols & Environm F-54000 Nancy France;

    Univ Cadi Ayyad Lab Aliments Environm & Sante Fac Sci & Tech Marrakech BP 549 Gueliz Marrakech 40000 Morocco|UM6P AgrobioSci Program Ben Guerir Morocco;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Ecosystem services; SUITMA's soils; Metal contamination; Soil enzymes; Technogenic fraction; Technogenic soils;

    机译：生态系统服务;威斯玛的土壤;金属污染;土壤酶;介绍馏分;技术原因土壤;

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