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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of soil & sediments >Modelling and preliminary technical, energy and economic considerations for full-scale in situ remediation of low-dielectric hydrocarbon-polluted soils by microwave heating (MWH) technique
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Modelling and preliminary technical, energy and economic considerations for full-scale in situ remediation of low-dielectric hydrocarbon-polluted soils by microwave heating (MWH) technique

机译：微波加热（MWH）技术对低介电碳氢化合物污染的土壤进行全面原位修复的建模以及初步的技术，能源和经济考虑

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Purpose Microwave heating (MWH) has been recently proposed as a high-performance technique for the remediation of soils contaminated with organic pollutants. However, despite MWH potential advantages, it is scarcely applied due to the lack of full-scale in situ detailed studies. In this work, the in situ MWH applicability for the remediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils was assessed by means of a specific energy and economic analysis. Essential technical information has also been purchased. Materials and methods Energy and economic analysis was performed using data obtained from modelling for which a dedicated equation-based process computer code simulating MWH phenomena was adopted. Elaborations involved the assessment of the influence of soil texture and moisture as well as operating conditions (supplied power and time) on electric field penetration into the soils and soil temperature variation as a function of time and radial distance from the irradiation source. Results and discussion Main results reveal that sandy soils are more penetrable by MW irradiation with respect to clayey ones. The soil MW penetrability was also observed to increase with decreasing the soil moisture. This was in turn reflected in the soil temperature profiles. However, the major effect on MWH effectiveness is ascribable by the changing of the operating power. In fact, the use of magnetrons with powers lower than 3 kW does not ensure enough microwave penetration into the soil and, therefore, is not suitable for in situ activities, whereas the application of a power of 6 kW led to a maximum treatable radius of 145 cm. In terms of energy consumption, calculation showed that almost 3 days more are in general required to remediate clayey soils with respect to sandy ones. Consequently, the economic analysis revealed that energy costs for sandy soils are about 3 € t_(−1)lower than those required for clayey soils. Furthermore, the application of a power of 6 instead of 3 kW results in a higher total energy cost, which, jointly with the higher soil volume treatable, leads to almost equal specific costs. Conclusions The comparison of calculated costs with those of other available clean-up technologies for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils shows that very short remediation times and energy costs obtained (18–27 € t_(−1)) make in situ MWH a deliverable alternative to conventional thermal desorption or physical-chemical techniques.
机译：目的最近，微波加热（MWH）被提出作为一种高性能技术，用于修复被有机污染物污染的土壤。然而，尽管MWH具有潜在的优势，但由于缺乏全面的原位详细研究，因此几乎没有得到应用。在这项工作中，通过特定的能源和经济分析评估了原位MWH在修复碳氢化合物污染土壤中的适用性。还购买了基本技术信息。材料和方法使用从建模获得的数据进行能源和经济分析，为此采用了专用的基于方程式的过程计算机代码来模拟MWH现象。详细内容包括评估土壤质地和水分以及操作条件（提供的功率和时间）对电场穿透土壤和土壤温度变化的影响，这些影响是时间和距辐射源的径向距离的函数。结果与讨论主要结果表明，与黏性土壤相比，MW辐射对沙质土壤的渗透性更高。还观察到土壤MW的渗透性随土壤水分的减少而增加。这又反映在土壤温度曲线中。然而，对MWH有效性的主要影响归因于工作功率的变化。实际上，使用功率低于3 kW的磁控管无法确保足够的微波穿透到土壤中，因此不适合进行现场活动，而施加6 kW的功率导致最大可处理半径为145厘米在能源消耗方面，计算表明，相对于沙质土壤，通常需要多花三天的时间来修复黏土。因此，经济分析表明，沙质土壤的能源成本比黏性土壤所需的能源成本低约3 t _（-1）。此外，使用6而不是3 kW的功率会导致更高的总能源成本，再加上可处理的土壤量更大，导致几乎相同的单位成本。结论将碳氢化合物污染土壤的计算成本与其他可用的清理技术的成本进行比较后发现，非常短的修复时间和获得的能源成本（18-27 t _（-1））使原位MWH成为常规方法的可交付替代方案热脱附或物理化学技术。

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