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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of soil & sediments >Toxic potential of different types of sewage sludge as fertiliser in agriculture: ecotoxicological effects on aquatic and soil indicator species
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Toxic potential of different types of sewage sludge as fertiliser in agriculture: ecotoxicological effects on aquatic and soil indicator species

机译：农业中不同类型污泥作为肥料的毒性潜力：对水生和土壤指示物物种的生态毒理作用

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Purpose Treated and processed sewage sludge (biosolids) generated during the treatment of waste water usually contain substantial concentrations of nutrients, especially phosphorus which is essential for plant growth. Sewage sludge therefore can be used as an alternative fertiliser in agriculture. But since sewage sludge could also contain pollutants, analysis and ecotoxicological tests on affected soil and streamwater organisms are necessary in order to guarantee its harmless use. Materials and methods Three test species were chosen to cover the environmental compartments water, sediment and soil. Following test species and parameters were applied to evaluate the acute effects of sewage sludge: Lemna minor (inhibition, discolouration and colony break-up), Gammarus fossarum (mortality, behaviour), Eisenia fetida (avoidance behaviour). Chemical assessment included nutrients, organic pollutants and heavy metals. Results and discussion The assessment of a non-dewatered sludge sample resulted in an inhibition of growth of L. minor starting from 22.5 g total solid (TS) l~(-1) after 7 days (EC_(50): 45.7 g TS l~(-1)). Concentrations below 9 g TS l~(-1) supported plant growth. G. fossarum displayed significantly decreased movement activity at 18 and 45 g TS l~(-1) sludge concentration during an exposure time of 2 days, leading to decreased survival after 4 days of exposure in 18 g TS l~(-1) (LC_(50): 17.9 g TS l~(-1)). After 2 days, E. fetida exhibited an increased avoidance behaviour of contaminated soil from 9 g TS kg~(-1) sewage sludge (EC_(50): 13.4 g TS kg~(-1)). 100 % avoidance of contaminated soil was obtained at 45 g TS kg~(-1). The dewatered sludge samples had a higher toxic effect on L. minor and G. fossarum but a lower one on the avoidance behaviour of E. fetida. G. fossarum was the most sensitive test species in the applied test setups. The realistic application amounts of the tested sewage sludge samples being approx. 6.0 g TS kg~(-1) (maximum allowed application amount of sewage sludge) and approx. 3 g TS kg~(-1) (maximum agronomical relevant application amount) in worst case studies are lower than the analysed EC_(50)/LC_(50) values. Conclusions In conclusion, for all three test species, all three tested sewage sludge samples have to be classified as toxic at high concentration levels under laboratory conditions. However, it is assumed that acute toxic effects of the sludge samples on the three test species can be most likely excluded in the field due to lower dosing, adsorption and dilution. Tests of environmental samples will be conducted in order to support this hypothesis.
机译：目的在废水处理过程中产生的经过处理和处理的污水污泥（生物固体）通常含有大量的营养素，尤其是磷，这对于植物的生长至关重要。因此，污水污泥可以用作农业的替代肥料。但是，由于污水污泥还可能包含污染物，因此有必要对受影响的土壤和溪流生物进行分析和生态毒理测试，以确保其无害使用。材料和方法选择了三种测试物种来覆盖环境隔间的水，沉积物和土壤。使用以下测试物种和参数来评估污水污泥的急性影响：轻微的Lemna（抑制，变色和菌落破裂），fossarum的Gammarus（死亡率，行为），fetida的Eisenia fetida（避免行为）。化学评估包括营养素，有机污染物和重金属。结果与讨论对未脱水污泥样品的评估导致7天后从22.5 g总固体（TS）l〜（-1）（EC_（50）：45.7 g TS l 〜（-1））。低于9 g TS l〜（-1）的浓度可支持植物生长。在接触2天的时间内，磷镰刀菌在18和45 g TS l〜（-1）污泥浓度下的运动活性显着降低，导致在18 g TS l〜（-1）接触4天后存活率降低（ LC_（50）：17.9g TS 1-（-1））。 2天后，E。fetida对9 g TS kg〜（-1）污水污泥（EC_（50）：13.4 g TS kg〜（-1））的污染土壤回避行为增强。在45 g TS kg〜（-1）时，避免了100％的污染土壤。脱水污泥样品对小L.和G. fossarum的毒性较高，而对E. fetida的回避行为的毒性较低。镰刀菌在应用的测试装置中是最敏感的测试物种。测试的污水污泥样品的实际应用量约为6.0 g TS kg〜（-1）（污水污泥的最大允许施用量），约最坏情况研究中的3 g TS kg〜（-1）（最大农业相关应用量）低于分析的EC_（50）/ LC_（50）值。结论总之，对于所有三个测试物种，必须在实验室条件下将所有三个测试的污水污泥样品在高浓度下归为有毒。但是，据推测，由于剂量，吸附和稀释度较低，污泥样品对三种测试物质的急性毒性作用极有可能被排除在外。为了支持该假设，将进行环境样本测试。

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