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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management >INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN WASTES, RECYCLING AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR-A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN WASTES, RECYCLING AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR-A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

机译：国际废物贸易，回收利用和非正式部门的理论分析

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摘要

Solid waste management in developing countries is usually characterized by two aspects: first, the informal sector plays a crucial role in recovery and recycling of solid waste, and secondly, these countries are some of the largest importers of wastes mainly used in recycling industries as intermediate goods, international agreements like the Basel Convention prohibit trade in hazardous wastes, but there exist controversies regarding effects of free trade in non-hazardous wastes. The paper attempts to examine the effects of trade liberalization on solid waste and pollution in a 3-sector general equilibrium model in the presence of informal recycling industry using imported non-hazardous wastes as intermediary. It is assumed that the formal sector augments pollution due to lax in governmental regulations, while recycling reduces pollution. Labor is measured in efficiency units, where efficiency is inversely related to pollution. The paper shows that an increase in foreign capital inflow and reduction of tariff on imported wastes may boost up informal waste recovery despite imported and domestic wastes being perfect substitutes. Informal recycling may also expand, reduce pollution and improve the environment of the economy. Therefore it may be suggested that while international agreements should prevent undesirable trade of hazardous goods, they should avoid restrictions on beneficial trade of intermediary wastes between countries.
机译：发展中国家的固体废物管理通常具有两个方面的特征：第一，非正规部门在固体废物的回收和再循环中起着至关重要的作用；第二，这些国家是最大的废物进口国，主要用于回收工业中作为中间产品。货物，诸如《巴塞尔公约》之类的国际协议禁止危险废物的贸易，但是关于非危险废物的自由贸易的影响存在争议。本文试图在存在以进口非危险废物为中介的非正式回收行业的情况下，在一个三部门的一般均衡模型中检验贸易自由化对固体废物和污染的影响。假定由于政府法规不严，正规部门加剧了污染，而循环利用则减少了污染。劳动以效率单位衡量，效率与污染成反比。本文显示，尽管进口和生活垃圾是完美的替代品，但外国资本流入的增加和进口垃圾关税的降低可能会促进非正式垃圾的回收。非正式回收还可以扩大，减少污染并改善经济环境。因此，可以建议，尽管国际协定应防止危险品的不良贸易，但它们应避免限制国家之间的中间废物的有益贸易。

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