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Wood decomposition in Amazonian hydropower reservoirs: An additional source of greenhouse gases

机译：亚马逊水电站水库的木材分解：温室气体的另一来源

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摘要

Amazonian hydroelectric reservoirs produce abundant carbon dioxide and methane from large quantities of flooded biomass that decompose anaerobically underwater. Emissions are extreme the first years after impounding and progressively decrease with time. To date, only water-to-air fluxes have been considered in these estimates. Here, we investigate in two Amazonian reservoirs (Balbina and Petit Saut) the fate of above water standing dead trees, by combining a qualitative analysis of wood state and density through time and a quantitative analysis of the biomass initially flooded. Dead wood was much more decomposed in the Balbina reservoir 23 years after flooding than in the Petit Saut reservoir 10 years after flooding. Termites apparently played a major role in wood decomposition, occurring mainly above water, and resulting in a complete conversion of this carbon biomass into CO_2 and CH_4 at a timescale much shorter than reservoir operation. The analysis of pre-impounding wood biomass reveals that above-water decomposition in Amazonian reservoirs is a large, previously unrecognized source of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, representing 26-45% of the total reservoir flux integrated over 100 years. Accounting for both below- and above-water fluxes, we could estimate that each km~2 of Amazonian forest converted to reservoir would emit over 140 Gg CO_2-eq in 100 years. Hydropower plants in the Amazon should thus generate 0.25-0.4 MW h per km~2 flooded area to produce lower greenhouse gas emissions than gas power plants. They also have the disadvantage to emit most of their greenhouse gases the earliest years of operation.
机译：亚马孙水力发电库从大量淹没的生物质中产生大量的二氧化碳和甲烷，这些生物质在水下厌氧分解。蓄水后的头几年排放极高，并随着时间逐渐减少。迄今为止，在这些估计中仅考虑了水气通量。在这里，我们结合对木材状态和密度的时间定性分析以及对最初淹没的生物量的定量分析，在两个亚马逊水库（Balbina和Petit Saut）中调查了枯水死树的命运。洪水发生23年后，Balbina水库中的死木比发生洪水发生10年后的Petit Saut水库中的腐烂得多。白蚁显然在木材分解中起主要作用，主要发生在水面以上，并导致该碳生物量在比储层操作短得多的时间范围内完全转化为CO_2和CH_4。对蓄积前的木材生物量的分析表明，亚马逊河水库的水上分解是一个巨大的，以前无法识别的大气碳排放源，占100年累计水库总通量的26-45％。考虑到水下和水上通量，我们可以估计，转换为水库的亚马逊森林每km〜2将在100年内排放超过140 Gg CO_2当量。因此，亚马逊地区的水力发电厂应每平方公里2淹没区域产生0.25-0.4兆瓦时的电力，以产生比燃气发电厂更低的温室气体排放量。它们还具有在最早运行的几年中排放大部分温室气体的缺点。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of South American earth sciences》 |2013年第7期|104-107|共4页
  • 作者

    Gwenael Abril; Marcelo Parize; Marcela A.P. Perez; Naziano Filizola;

  • 作者单位

    Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratorio de Potamologia Amazonka, Departamento de Geografia, Manaus, Brazil,Universite de Bordeaux, Laboratoire EPOC, Environnements et Paleoenvironnements Oceaniques et Continentaux, CNRS UMR 5805, France,Institut de Recherche pour le Diveloppement, Laboratoire GET, Geosciences et Environnement de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, France;

    Institute National de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil;

    Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratorio de Geoquimica, Departamento de Geociencias, Manaus, Brazil;

    Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratorio de Potamologia Amazonka, Departamento de Geografia, Manaus, Brazil;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Hydroelectric dams; Greenhouse gases; Amazon basin;

    机译：水力发电大坝;温室气体;亚马逊盆地;

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