HYPERSONIC boundary-layer transition is affected by manynfactors, includingMach number, Reynolds number, geometry,nroughness, and tunnel noise. The effect of ablation or surfacenblowing is reviewed by summarizing the experimental data. Blowingngenerally moves transition upstream, with larger massflow ratesnor lighter gases causing a larger effect. Blowing that occurs farthernupstream on the model generally also has a larger effect. Blowingnnear the nosetip is thought to have a particularly significant effect. Itnappears feasible to estimate the effect of blowing on boundary-layerntransition using semiempirical stability-based methods such as eN.nExperimental data suitable for comparisons to these methods arensummarized, for blunt bodies and for slender bodies at zero andnnonzero angles of attack.
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