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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology >New bivalves from a Middle Devonian methane seep in Morocco: the oldest record of repetitive shell morphologies among some seep bivalve molluscs
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New bivalves from a Middle Devonian methane seep in Morocco: the oldest record of repetitive shell morphologies among some seep bivalve molluscs

机译：来自摩洛哥中泥盆纪甲烷渗透的新双壳类：某些渗透双壳类​​软体动物中壳形态的最古老记录

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摘要

A fauna of bivalve molluscs is described from methane seep carbonates of the Middle Devonian (c. 390 Ma) Hollard Mound in the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. We describe a new modiomorphid genus Ataviaconcha gen. nov. with the type species Ataviaconcha wendti sp. nov. This is a very large, semi-infaunal species occurring in large colonies similar to those formed by Recent chemosymbiotic cold-seep and hydrothermal vent bivalves. It is the second modiomorphid bivalve known from Palaeozoic chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, after the roughly coeval Sibaya ivanovi Little, Maslennikov, Morris & Gubanov, 1999, from the Sibay hydrothermal vent deposit in the Ural Mountains, Russia. The second and much less numerous bivalve species described in this paper is the solemyid Dystactellal eisenmanni sp. nov., belonging to a genus known also from Ordovician to Devonian marine environments distinct from cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. As with other fossil and Recent solemyids, it was an infaunal burrower, most likely living in symbiosis with chemoautotrophic bacteria. These new findings show that bivalves are ancient in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, thriving there for at least 390 Myr, and that the bivalve-dominated faunas predated the first occurrence of dimerelloid brachiopods at seeps. The early evolutionary adaptation of some bivalves to chemosynthesis-based ecosystems is probably related to a symbiosis-based metabolism allowing efficient exploitation of chemosynthetic food resources. Ataviaconcha wendti sp. nov. represents a morphology which recurred several times throughout the following 390 Myr in different bivalve groups that flourished at hydrocarbon seeps. This strongly suggests environmental control on the evolution of adaptations in seep biotas.
机译：从摩洛哥东部反阿特拉斯的中泥盆世（约390 Ma）霍拉德土墩的甲烷渗碳碳酸盐描述了双壳软体动物的动物群。我们描述了一个新的modiomorphid属Ataviaconcha属。十一月类型为Ataviaconcha wendti sp。的物种。十一月这是一个非常大的半不育物种，出现在大型菌落中，类似于最近的化学共生冷-和热液泄放双壳类所形成的菌落。这是第二个基于古生代化学合成生态系统的模态双壳类动物，仅次于约西伯利亚·伊瓦诺维特·利特尔，马斯伦尼科夫，莫里斯和古巴诺夫，1999年，来自俄罗斯乌拉尔山脉的西贝热液喷口沉积物。本文中描述的第二种双壳类物种较少，是唯一的类肌体Dystactellal eisenmanni sp。十一月，属于从奥陶纪到泥盆纪海洋环境的一个属，不同于冷渗漏和热液喷口。与其他化石和最近的类鼠一样，它是一个臭名昭著的穴居人，最有可能与化学自养细菌共生。这些新发现表明，在以化学合成为基础的生态系统中，双壳类动物很古老，在那里至少生长了390 Myr，并且以双壳类动物为主的动物群早于渗水中的二足纲腕足动物出现。一些双壳类动物对基于化学合成的生态系统的早期进化适应可能与基于共生的新陈代谢有关，从而可以有效利用化学合成的食物资源。 Ataviaconcha温蒂公司十一月代表一种形态，这种形态在随后的390 Myr中在碳氢化合物渗流旺盛的不同双壳类中重复出现了几次。这有力地表明了环境控制对渗流生物群落适应性进化的影响。

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