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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology >The evolution of major temnospondyl clades: an inclusive phylogenetic analysis
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The evolution of major temnospondyl clades: an inclusive phylogenetic analysis

机译：主要temspondyl进化枝的进化：包容性系统发育分析

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摘要

Phylogenetic analysis of a large dataset (72 taxa, 212 characters) focuses on the in-group relationships of temnospondyls, the largest lower tetrapod clade. Representatives of all clades and grades were considered, spanning the entire stratigraphical range of temnospondyls from the Early Carboniferous through to the Early Cretaceous. Several major groups are defined phylogenetically (node or branch-based) rather than by apomorphies. The following groups were unequivocally found to be monophyletic: Edopoidea (node), Dvinosauria (stem, excl. Brachyopidae), Dissorophoidea (node), Eryopidae (stem), and Stereospondyli (node). The latter encompass three well-defined, branch-based taxa: Rhinesuchidae, Trematosauria and Capi-tosauria. Trematosauria (stem) contain Trematosauroidea (node), which includes the classic trematosaurids, metoposaurids, and possibly part of the rhytidosteids (Peltostega) but their in-group relationships remain unsettled; most other short-snouted stereospondyls (chigutisaurids, brachyopids, Laidleria and the plagiosaurids) are probably monophyletic and likely nest in some form with trematosauroids. Capitosauria (stem) include the Capitosauroidea (node) spanned by Parotosuchus and Mastodonsaurus, with the successive stem taxa Edingerella, Benthosuchus, Wetlugasaurus and Watsonisuchus. In all variant analyses, edopoids form the basalmost temnospondyl clade, followed by a potential clade (or grade) of small terrestrial taxa containing Balanerpeton and Dendrerpeton ('Dendrerpetontidae'). All taxa higher than Edopoidea are suggested to form the monophyletic stem taxon Eutemnospondyli, tax. nov. The remainder of Temnospondyli fall into four robust and undisputed clades: (1) Dvinosauria; (2) Zatracheidae plus Dissorophoidea; (3) Eryopidae; and (4) Stereospondyli. These taxa are together referred to as Rhachitomi (node). Eryopidae and Stereospondylomorpha are probably monophyletic, here referred to as Eryopiformes (tax. nov.). The position of Dissorophoidea + Zatracheidae is still ambiguous; it may either form the sister taxon of Dvinosauria, or nest between Dvinosauria and Eryopiformes, whereas there is no support for Euskelia (Dissorophoidea + Eryopidae) after basal taxa of each clade are better understood.
机译：大型数据集（72个分类单元，212个字符）的系统发生分析重点在于最大的下四足动物进化枝temspondyls的组内关系。考虑了所有进化枝和等级的代表，涵盖了从早期石炭纪一直到白垩纪早期的四叠纪的全部地层。几个主要类别是系统发育上定义的（基于节点或分支），而不是由无性形态定义。明确地发现以下几类是单系的：毛足类（节），维龙属（茎，不包括腕足科），梭毛（节），毛虫科（茎）和立体假单胞菌（节）。后者包括三个明确定义的，基于分支的分类单元：莱茵科，吸虫性和Caps-tosauria。毛囊纲（茎）含有毛囊纲（结节），其中包括典型的毛囊纲，变角龙，以及可能的部分假性甾体（Peltostega），但它们的群内关系仍未解决。大多数其他短鼻立体体（千足纲，腕足纲，Laidleria和斜突纲）可能是单系的，并可能以某种形式与类贝类共巢。 Capitosauria（茎）包括由Parotosuchus和Mastodonsaurus跨越的Capitosauroidea（节点），以及相继的茎分类群Edingerella，Benthosuchus，Wetlugasaurus和Watsonisuchus。在所有的变体分析中，类胡萝卜素形成最基端的季戊二烯基进化枝，然后是潜在的（包括等级）小型陆生类群，其中包含Balanerpeton和Dendrerpeton（“ Dendrerpetontidae”）。建议将所有高于埃多鞭毛纲的类群形成单系茎类群Eutemnospondyli，tax。十一月Temnospondyli的其余部分分为四个稳健而无可争辩的分支：（1）Dvinosauria； （2）Zatracheidae加Dissorophoidea； （3）蛇眼科； （4）立体定向。这些分类单元统称为Rhachitomi（节点）。蛇眼科和立体假单胞菌可能是单种的，在这里称为鸭眼形目（税前）。 Dissorophoidea + Zatracheidae的位置仍然模棱两可；它可能是Dvinosauria的姊妹分类群，也可能是Dvinosauria和Eryopiformes之间的巢，而在更好地理解每个进化枝的基础分类之后，就没有Euskelia（Dissorophoidea + Eryopidae）的支持。

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