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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology >New ophiacanthid brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Upper Triassic of Japan: first insights into the origin and evolution of an extant deep-sea group
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New ophiacanthid brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Upper Triassic of Japan: first insights into the origin and evolution of an extant deep-sea group

机译：来自日本上三叠纪的新ophiacanthid脆性恒星（Echinodermata：Ophiuroidea）：对现存深海群起源和演化的首次见解

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摘要

Well preserved, articulated brittle star skeletons from the early Carnian (early Late Triassic) Halobia Shales of Yamaguchi, Japan, are described as a new genus and species of the family Ophiacanthidae: Leadagmara gracilispina. The new form constitutes the oldest unequivocal representative of this extant ophiuroid family, significantly extending its stratigraphical range. The first cladistic analysis of the Ophiacanthidae including all extant genera suggests L. gracilispina holds a basal, but not the basalmost, position within the family, forming a sister group with the extant Ophiomedea and Ophiopristis to the other ophiacanthids except for Ophiologimus, which itself is sister to all other ophiacanthids. These results imply that ophiacanthids originated in the pre-Carnian. A critical re-evaluation of the ophiacanthid fossil record reveals that the vast majority of records consist of dissociated lateral arm plates, which provide no insights into divergence times of the lineages. Among the few records of articulated specimens, only Inexpectacantha acrobatica from the Pliensbachian of France proved sufficiently well-known to yield phylogenetically relevant information. Its position within the ophiacanthid clade indicates that more than half of the extant ophiacanthid lineages, in particular the former ophiacanthinids and ophiotominids, must have diverged by the Pliensbachian.
机译：日本山口的早期Carnian（三叠纪晚期）Halobia页岩中保存完好的，铰接的脆性星状骨架被描述为蛇形纲的新属和新物种：Leadagmara gracilispina。新形式构成了现存的蛇形类家族最古老的明确代表，大大扩展了其地层学范围。对蛇嘴兽科（包括所有现存属）的第一个分类分析表明，粉虱L. gracilispina在家庭中占有基础地位，但不是最底层，与现存的蛇嘴兽科和蛇形目成对，与除蛇眼兽以外的其他蛇嘴兽成对，所有其他ophiacanthids的姐妹。这些结果表明，ophiacanthids起源于前卡尼期。对ophiacanthid化石记录的关键性重新评估显示，绝大多数记录由解离的侧臂板组成，这无法了解谱系的发散时间。在很少的铰接标本记录中，只有法国Pliensbachian的Inexpectacantha acrobatica被证明足够众所周知，可以提供系统发育相关的信息。它在ophiacanthid进化支中的位置表明，现存的ophiacanthid世系中有一半以上，特别是以前的ophiacanthinids和ophiotominids，必定已被Pliensbachian分开。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Systematic Palaeontology》 |2013年第6期|515-530|共16页
  • 作者

    Ben Thuy; Yoshiaki Ishida; Eiji Doi; Andreas Kroh;

  • 作者单位

    Geoscience Centre, University of Goettingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany;

    2-20-13 Kamiogi, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, 167-0043, Japan;

    I Kashiwabara, Sanyoonoda-shi, Yamaguchi, 757-0003, Japan;

    Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Geology & Palaeontology, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Ophiuroidea; Ophiacanthidae; Triassic; Japan; phylogeny;

    机译：蛇皮亚目;phi科三叠纪;日本;系统发育;

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