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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology >Prolonged co-existence of archaic' and 'modern' Palaeozoic ophiuroids - evidence from the early Permian, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia
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Prolonged co-existence of archaic' and 'modern' Palaeozoic ophiuroids - evidence from the early Permian, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia

机译：古代和现代的古生世蛇形虫的长期共存-来自西澳大利亚南卡那封盆地二叠纪早期的证据

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摘要

The discovery of a very large ophiuroid (disk diameter of 80 mm) in the early Permian (Kungurian) Cundlego Formation in the Southern Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia extends the stratigraphical range of 'archaic' ophiuroids unequivocally into the Permian, unlocking a lost fossil record of this group. Hitherto such ophiuroids have been discovered preserved articulated from strata no younger than the late Carboniferous. Herein we describe the new ophiuroid as Teleosaster creasyi gen. et sp. nov. Although existing temporally with Permian ophiuroids with a 'modern' morphological architecture, Teleosaster was biogeographically separated. This 'archaic' ophiuroid persisted in high latitude seas, suggesting such 'archaic' forms were displaced from the shallow-water, low latitude niches by the 'modern' ophiuroids. In modern oceans, ophiuroid gigantism similar to that in Teleosaster creasyi is typically only expressed in cold, high latitude oceans. It has been argued that the frequent occurrence of gigantism in such environments is due to the much lower levels of predation pressure. Unlike other echinoderm classes, the morphological and ecological transformation that resulted in the evolution of 'modern' ophiuroids had already taken place well before the events of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. With the increase in diversity of durophagous predators in low latitude shallow-water communities during the mid-Palaeozoic Marine Revolution, we argue that 'archaic' ophiuroids were more susceptible to these higher levels of predation than the 'modern' forms and were displaced into regimes of lower predation pressure in high latitude oceans.
机译：在西澳大利亚州南卡那封盆地的早二叠世（Kungurian）Cundlego组中发现了一个巨大的蛇形类（盘直径为80 mm），毫无疑问地将“古代”蛇形类的地层范围扩展到了二叠纪，从而开辟了丢失的化石记录在这个群体中。迄今为止，已经发现了这样的蛇类类动物，是从不晚于石炭纪的地层清楚地铰接起来保存的。在这里，我们将新的类蛇虫描述为Teleosaster creasyi gen。等。十一月尽管在时间上存在具有“现代”形态结构的二叠纪蛇类动物，但Teleosaster在生物地理学上是分开的。这种“古老”的蛇形类在高纬度海域中持续存在，表明这种“古老”的形态被“现代”的蛇形类从浅水，低纬度的生态位中取代了。在现代海洋中，类蛇怪的巨大特征通常仅在寒冷，高纬度的海洋中表现出来，类似于巨嘴鸟。有人认为，在这样的环境中巨人主义的频繁发生是由于掠夺压力低得多。与其他棘皮类动物不同，导致“现代”类蛇类动物进化的形态和生态转变早在二叠纪—三叠纪大灭绝事件发生之前就已经发生。在古生代海洋革命中期，随着低纬度浅水群落中食食性食肉动物多样性的增加，我们认为“古”蛇类比“现代”形态更容易受到这种更高水平的捕食，并被转移到各个政权中高纬度海洋中较低的捕食压力

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