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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology >Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstatte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes
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Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstatte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes

机译：意大利Bolca Konservat-Lagerstatte的始新世电射线（Torpediniformes，Batomorphii）的修改揭示了海洋类蝙蝠中的第一个化石胚胎，并为珊瑚礁鱼类营养新奇的起源提供了新见解

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The Eocene electric ray †Titanonarke Carvalho, 2010 from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstatte, north-eastern Italy, is redescribed in detail based upon new material from recent excavations. This taxon exhibits a combination of features (large voids between the pectoral and the axial skeleton filled in life by electric organs, anteriorly directed fan-shaped antorbital cartilages, lack of dermal denticles, long prepelvic processes, and rounded basibranchial copula with a small caudal tab) that clearly supports its assignment to the order Torpediniformes. The analysis of new material also demonstrates that the previous apparent absence of typical narcinoid characters used to diagnose †Titanonarke was the result of taphonomic biases. †Titanonarke shares at least three synapomorphies (presence of a rostral fontanelle, low number of ribs, and rostral cartilage connected to the antorbital cartilage through lateral appendices) with the extant genera Benthobatis, Diplobatis, Discopyge and Narcine, with which it forms a clade (family Narcinidae) recognized herein as unquestionably monophyletic. Moreover, based upon a single specimen of †Titanonarke that exhibits a unique combination of morphometric and meristic features, a new species of Eocene numbfish, †T. megapterygia sp. nov., is recognized. The presence of several specimens representing different ontogenetic stages of at least two species of numbfishes suggests a close association of this taxon with shallow-water habitats corresponding to coral reefs as hypothesized for the Monte Postale palaeoenvironment. The occurrence of a fossilized marine batoid embryo is reported here for the first time. Moreover, the analysis of the gut contents suggests that the dietary adaptations of jTitanonarke can be related, at least in part, to an opportunistic strategy in the context of abundant larger foraminifera in the Monte Postale palaeobiotope, suggesting that this kind of feeding mode, known to occur in present-day reefs, already was realized 50 million years ago.
机译：来自意大利东北部的Bolca Konservat-Lagerstatte的始新世††Titanonarke Carvalho，2010年，根据最近发掘的新材料进行了详细描述。该分类单元具有多种特征（在胸腔和轴骨架之间大的空隙由电器官填充，生活在前部，扇形的前额软骨呈扇形，缺乏真皮细齿，骨盆前突长，基底支气管圆形，尾鳍小），显然支持将其分配给Torpediniformes订单。对新材料的分析还表明，以前用于诊断†Titanonarke的典型类纳西酮字符的明显缺乏是Thophonomic偏见的结果。 †Titanonarke与现存的Benthobatis，Diplobatis，Discopyge和Narcine属至少有3种同形同形（存在一个鼻翼font门，少量肋骨和通过侧向阑尾连接到角膜软骨的鼻翼软骨），由此形成一个分支（在本文中毫无疑问地认为该科是单亲科的）。此外，基于显示出形态学和meristic特征的独特组合的†Titanonarke标本，一个始新世的始新麻木鱼†T。 megapterygia sp。十一月。，被认可。代表至少两种麻木鱼的不同个体发育阶段的几个标本的存在表明，该分类单元与对应于蒙特邮政古环境的珊瑚礁的浅水生境密切相关。第一次报道了化石化的海洋类蝙蝠胚的发生。此外，对肠道内容物的分析表明，在蒙特邮政古生物群落中大量有孔虫的背景下，jTitanonarke的饮食适应性可能至少部分与机会策略有关，这表明这种已知的喂养方式在当今的珊瑚礁中发生，已经在五千万年前实现了。

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