Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

Zhang Zhiliang; Holmer Lars E.; Chen Feiyang; Brock Glenn A.

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Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

机译：南方寒武纪22系列新型acrotretide Brachiopod Gen的组织发生和进化意义

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Micromorphic acrotretide brachiopods first appeared during Cambrian Epoch 2 and subsequently experienced a rapid diversification. However, our knowledge of acrotretide origins and early evolution is hampered by our poor understanding of their earliest representatives. Here, we describe one of the oldest known acrotretides from the Cambrian Series 2 Shuijingtuo Formation of southern Shaanxi and western Hubei, South China. The new genusPalaeotretagen. nov. can be distinguished from all other genera, mainly by its unusual ontogeny and morphology; inPalaeotretathe pedicle foramen is located mostly outside of the metamorphic shell, the ventral intertrough is very short and the inclination of the ventral pseudointerarea changes from catacline to apsacline. Two ontogenetic stages (T1-T2) of post-metamorphic shell growth can be distinguished in the low cap-likePalaeotreta shannanensisgen. et sp. nov.; this type of development with a relatively long pedicle foramen forming stage (T1), a simple pedicle opening, weakly developed ventral apical process and dorsal median septum, can be considered to represent a plesiomorphy for the acrotretides. By contrast, the more derivedPalaeotreta zhujiahensis(Li & Holmer, 2004) is characterized by paedomorphosis, expressed in an early enclosure of pedicle foramen and greatly decreased growth of the ventral intertrough during the intertrough-increasing stage (T3), producing a cap-like shape and retaining catacline inclination of the ventral pseudointerarea. Thus, heterochrony may have played an important role in the morphological divergence of acrotretides during the Cambrian evolutionary radiation, and promoted the subsequent radiation of acrotretides. The ontogenetic study ofPalaeotretagen. nov. also supports the notion that the ventral intertrough of acrotretide brachiopods may have formed by the 'rolling up' of the lingulide propareas.

机译：在寒武纪EPOCH 2期间首次出现微观杂色丙基吡咯倍孔，随后经历了快速多样化。然而，我们对acrotretide起源和早期演变的了解受到我们最早的代表的糟糕的理解受到阻碍。在这里，我们描述了来自寒武纪系列的最古老的已知Arrotretides 2 ShuicingTuo Mouth South中国湖北省ShuijingTuo形成。新的Genuspalaeotretagen。 11月。可以与所有其他属的区别区分，主要是其不寻常的组织化和形态; inpalaeotretathe椎弓根散毛部大多位于变质壳外，腹侧腹部非常短，腹侧Pseudointeraea的倾斜度从Catacline变为Apsacline。在低帽状蛋白酶术中可以区分半变质后壳生长的两个梭菌阶段（T1-T2）。等SP。 11月;这种类型的开发具有相对长的椎弓根形成阶段（T1），简单的椎弓根开口，弱发达的腹侧腹部工艺和背侧中间中间隔膜，可以考虑代表丙二醇的Plesiomorphy。相比之下，诸如诸如椎弓根的早期椎弓根孢子术中的皮带病表现出较多的衍生物肺病（Li＆Holmer，2004）的特征在于椎弓根孢子的早期外壳，并且在临时阶段（T3）期间，腹部沟中的生长大大降低，产生帽状物质腹部假调亭的形状和保持催化倾向。因此，异化rony可能在寒武罩进化辐射期间丙啶醇素的形态分歧发挥着重要作用，并促进了随后的吖啶醇的辐射。对肺醛肝脏的植入研究。 11月。还支持丙酸齐酯盆腔的腹侧腹部可能已经通过升缘血管基因素的“卷起”形成的观念。

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《Journal of Systematic Palaeontology》 |2020年第24期|1569-1588|共20页
作者
Zhang Zhiliang; Holmer Lars E.; Chen Feiyang; Brock Glenn A.;
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作者单位

Northwest Univ State Key Lab Continental Dynam Shaanxi Key Lab Early Life & Environm Dept Geol Early Life Inst Xian 710069 Peoples R China|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci N Ryde NSW 2109 Australia|Uppsala Univ Inst Earth Sci Palaeobiol SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden;

Northwest Univ State Key Lab Continental Dynam Shaanxi Key Lab Early Life & Environm Dept Geol Early Life Inst Xian 710069 Peoples R China|Uppsala Univ Inst Earth Sci Palaeobiol SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden;

Northwest Univ State Key Lab Continental Dynam Shaanxi Key Lab Early Life & Environm Dept Geol Early Life Inst Xian 710069 Peoples R China|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci N Ryde NSW 2109 Australia;

Northwest Univ State Key Lab Continental Dynam Shaanxi Key Lab Early Life & Environm Dept Geol Early Life Inst Xian 710069 Peoples R China|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci N Ryde NSW 2109 Australia;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
micromorphic brachiopods; Acrotretida; ontogeny; Cambrian Epoch 2; pedicle foramen; heterochrony;

机译：微晶架;acrotretida;ontogeny;寒武纪epoch 2;椎弓根龟头;异形成形;

Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

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