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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Systems and Software >Advanced obfuscation techniques for Java bytecode
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Advanced obfuscation techniques for Java bytecode

机译：Java字节码的高级混淆技术

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摘要

There exist several obfuscation tools for preventing Java bytecode from being decompiled. Most of these tools simply scramble the names of the identifiers stored in a bytecode by substituting the identifiers with meaningless names. However, the scrambling technique cannot deter a determined cracker very long. We propose several advanced obfuscation techniques that make Java bytecode impossible to recompile or make the decompiled program difficult to understand and to recompile. The crux of our approach is to over use an identifier. That is, an identifier can denote several entities, such as types, fields, and methods, simultaneously. An additional benefit is that the size of the bytecode is reduced because fewer and shorter identifier names are used. Furthermore, we also propose several techniques to intentionally introduce syntactic and semantic errors into the decompiled program while preserving the original behaviors of the bytecode. Thus, the decompiled program would have to be debugged manually. Although our basic approach is to scramble the identifiers in Java bytecode, the scrambled bytecode produced with our techniques is much harder to crack than that produced with other identifier scrambling techniques. Furthermore, the run-time efficiency of the obfuscated bytecode is also improved because the size of the bytecode becomes smaller after obfuscation.
机译：存在几种用于防止Java字节码反编译的混淆工具。这些工具大多数都只是通过用无意义的名称替换标识符来简单地扰乱存储在字节码中的标识符的名称。但是，加扰技术不能长时间阻止确定的饼干。我们提出了几种先进的混淆技术，这些技术使Java字节码无法重新编译，或者使反编译程序难以理解和重新编译。我们方法的症结在于过度使用标识符。也就是说，标识符可以同时表示几个实体，例如类型，字段和方法。另一个好处是，由于使用了越来越少的标识符名称，因此减小了字节码的大小。此外，我们还提出了几种技术，可在保留字节码的原始行为的同时，有意地将语法和语义错误引入反编译程序中。因此，反编译的程序将必须手动调试。尽管我们的基本方法是对Java字节码中的标识符进行加扰，但是用我们的技术产生的加扰字节码比使用其他标识符加扰技术产生的加扰字节要难得多。此外，由于字节码的大小在经过混淆之后变小，因此也提高了混淆后的字节码的运行时效率。

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