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First mover advantages and optimal patent protection

机译：先发优势和最佳专利保护

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This paper examines the economic logic underlying so-called “first mover advantages” as alternatives to patent protection in allowing innovators protection from immediate imitation and time to recoup their research and development investments. These include a head start, lower costs due to learning by doing, and product-differentiating reputational advantages. William Nordhaus’ theory of optimal patent protection is extended to cases of product, as distinguished from cost-saving, innovation. Over the parameters covered by a simulation analysis, profit potentials sufficient to induce R&D investment are found much more frequently than R&D incentive failures. R&D failures occur most commonly in small markets and situations in which imitators’ erosion of the innovator’s market share is particularly rapid. Implications for patent policy are drawn.
机译：本文研究了所谓的“先行者优势”背后的经济逻辑，这些经济逻辑是专利保护的替代方法，可以使创新者免受直接模仿和保护，以收回其研发投资。其中包括领先优势，边做边学可降低成本，以及产品差异化的声誉优势。威廉·诺德豪斯（William Nordhaus）的最佳专利保护理论已扩展到产品案例，与节省成本和创新有所区别。在模拟分析所涵盖的参数范围内，发现足以诱使研发投资的潜在利润要比研发激励失败更为频繁。研发失败最常见于小型市场，以及模仿者对创新者市场份额的侵蚀特别迅速的情况。得出专利政策的含义。

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