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Innovation capacity in the healthcare sector and historical anchors: examples from the UK, Switzerland and the US

机译：医疗保健领域的创新能力和历史锚点：英国，瑞士和美国的例子

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摘要

Innovation is an integral part of economic development in developed economies. In the post 2008 period, a key policy agenda is that of sustainable development, which calls for innovation in all aspects of value-chains. In this paper, we focus on innovation from the biotech-pharma perspective to see whether or not this will lead to a sustainable future for the regions where there are clusters of firms in this sector. We examine data from a recently completed European Union study of innovation in the Healthcare sector from the UK and Switzerland, countries with an historical base in pharma, to understand how innovation pathways vary at the regional level in the broader life sciences, which incorporate biotech and more. Innovation in the healthcare sector in two regions, Oxfordshire in the UK and Zurich in Switzerland are compared. We contextualize our discussion by drawing on studies that focus on the sector in the US, specifically Boston. The analytical framework comprises three elements: innovation systems and national and regional economic development theories are the first two, followed by approaches which consider organizational or institutional activity. This framework is used to help explain and understand the complexity of how innovation is organized at the sub-national level. The overall context is that it is increasing becoming a condition for government financing of research that it has more immediate application in industry or have the possibility of commercialisation (e.g., translational research).
机译：创新是发达经济体经济发展不可或缺的一部分。在2008年后时期，一项关键的政策议程是可持续发展议程，其中要求在价值链的各个方面进行创新。在本文中，我们将从生物技术制药的角度着眼于创新，以了解这是否会为该行业中的企业集群聚集的地区带来可持续的未来。我们研究了欧盟最近完成的一项有关英国和瑞士的医疗保健领域创新研究的数据，这些研究来自具有制药历史的国家，以了解在广泛的生命科学领域（包括生物技术和生物医学领域）的创新途径在区域层面上如何变化。更多。比较了英国牛津郡和瑞士苏黎世两个地区在医疗保健领域的创新。我们通过重点研究美国（尤其是波士顿）这一行业的研究来使我们的讨论更加具体化。分析框架包括三个要素：创新系统以及国家和地区经济发展理论是前两个要素，其次是考虑组织或机构活动的方法。该框架用于帮助解释和理解国家以下各级组织创新的复杂性。总体而言，它越来越成为政府为研究提供资金的条件，使其在工业中具有更直接的应用或具有商业化的可能性（例如，转化研究）。

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