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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of technology transfer >ARPA-E and DARPA: Applying the DARPA model to energy innovation
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ARPA-E and DARPA: Applying the DARPA model to energy innovation

机译：ARPA-E和DARPA：将DARPA模型应用于能源创新

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ARPA-E offers a new innovation institutional model to meet energy technology challenges. Because it is explicitly based on DARPA, this article reviews the noted DARPA approach in detail. Briefly citing well-known features of DARPA, it explores a number of important features that have not been well discussed in the policy literature on DARPA. These include DARPA's ability to undertake multigenerational technology thrusts, the synergies it has been able to create through complementary strategic technologies, its ability to build an advocate community, and connections it has built to larger innovation elements downstream from DARPA. It has also taken on incumbent technologies within both DOD and in the private sector, used ties to DOD leadership to press its advances, and supported initial market creation. The article then reviews the new ARPA-E model in detail, commenting first on how ARPA-E has adopted key DARPA approaches. It then discusses new features ARPA-E is adopting, driven by the unique demands of the complex, established energy sector. These include new ways: (1) to sharpen the research visioning, selection and support processes, (2) to build a community of support, important to its political survival, and (3) to implement technologies it supports. In addition, the further DARPA features enumerated above provide potentially useful future guideposts to ARPA-E. The paper closes with a discussion of the difficult technology implementation problems on the "back end" of the innovation system—including demonstrations, test beds, and initial markets. The article posits that both agencies must further address these implementation issues by fostering additional downstream partnerships, including between government and private sector.
机译：ARPA-E提供了一种新的创新机构模型来应对能源技术挑战。由于它是明确基于DARPA的，因此本文详细回顾了所提到的DARPA方法。简要地引用了DARPA的众所周知的功能，它探索了许多重要的功能，这些功能在DARPA的政策文献中没有得到很好的讨论。这些包括DARPA承担多代技术攻关的能力，通过补充战略技术创造的协同作用，建立拥护者社区的能力以及与DARPA下游更大的创新要素之间的联系。它还采用了国防部和私营部门内的现有技术，利用与国防部领导层的联系来推动其发展，并支持最初的市场创建。然后，本文详细回顾了新的ARPA-E模型，首先评论了ARPA-E如何采用关键的DARPA方法。然后，它讨论了ARPA-E在复杂的，已建立的能源部门的独特需求的驱动下正在采用的新功能。这些新方法包括：（1）加强研究视野，选择和支持过程；（2）建立对其政治生存重要的支持社区；（3）实施支持的技术。另外，上面列举的其他DARPA功能为ARPA-E提供了可能有用的未来指南。文章最后讨论了创新系统“后端”上的困难技术实施问题，包括演示，测试台和初始市场。文章认为，两个机构都必须通过促进其他下游伙伴关系（包括政府与私营部门之间的伙伴关系）来进一步解决这些实施问题。

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