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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of technology transfer >Determinants of knowledge transfer: evidence from Canadian university researchers in natural sciences and engineering
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Determinants of knowledge transfer: evidence from Canadian university researchers in natural sciences and engineering

机译：知识转移的决定因素：加拿大大学自然科学与工程研究人员的证据

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This paper addresses three questions: First, what is the extent of research transfer in natural sciences and engineering among Canadian university researchers? Second, are there differences between various disciplines with regard to the extent of this transfer? And third, what are the determinants of research transfer? To answer these questions, the paper begins by differentiating between technology transfer and knowledge transfer. It then identifies the individual researcher as the unit of analysis of this study and introduces a conceptual framework derived from the resource-based approach of firms. The paper then reviews the literature on each of the factors included in the conceptual framework, beginning with the dependent variable, knowledge transfer. The conceptual framework includes four categories of resources and one category of research attributes that are likely to influence knowledge transfer. Based on a survey of 1,554 researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), comparisons of means of research transfer across research fields were conducted. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of research transfer by research field. The results of these analyses indicate that researchers transferred knowledge much more actively when no commercialization was involved than when there was commercialization of protected intellectual property. This paper thus adds to the relatively scarce evidence about knowledge transfer by examining knowledge transfer from a broader perspective than strict commercialization. The findings of this paper are also interesting for other reasons. We obtained statistical evidencernindicating that researchers in certain research fields were much more active in knowledge transfer than those in other fields, thereby pointing to differences in levels of knowledge activities across research fields. Furthermore, we obtained evidence showing that only two determinants explained knowledge transfer in all the six research fields considered in this study, namely, focus of research projects on users' needs, and linkages between researchers and research users. Statistical evidence obtained indicates that the other determinants that influence knowledge transfer vary from one research field to another, thus suggesting that different policies would be required to increase knowledge transfer in different research fields. The last part of the paper outlines the implications of the regression results for theory building, public policy and future research.
机译：本文解决了三个问题：首先，加拿大大学研究人员在自然科学和工程领域的研究转移范围是什么？第二，各个学科之间在转移范围方面是否存在差异？第三，研究转移的决定因素是什么？为了回答这些问题，本文从区分技术转移和知识转移开始。然后，将个人研究人员确定为本研究的分析单位，并介绍一个从基于资源的公司方法中得出的概念框架。然后，论文回顾了有关概念框架中每个因素的文献，从因变量知识转移开始。概念框架包括可能影响知识转移的四类资源和一类研究属性。根据加拿大自然科学与工程研究委员会（NSERC）资助的1,554名研究人员的调查，比较了各个研究领域的研究转移方法。多变量回归分析被用来确定研究领域的研究转移的决定因素。这些分析的结果表明，与不涉及受保护的知识产权的商业化相比，研究人员在不涉及商业化的情况下更积极地转移知识。因此，本文通过从比严格的商业化更广泛的角度研究知识转移，为知识转移提供了相对稀少的证据。由于其他原因，本文的发现也很有趣。我们获得的统计证据表明，某些研究领域的研究人员在知识转移方面比其他领域的研究人员更为活跃，从而指出了各个研究领域知识活动水平的差异。此外，我们获得的证据表明，在本研究考虑的所有六个研究领域中，只有两个决定因素可以解释知识转移，即研究项目关注用户需求以及研究人员与研究用户之间的联系。获得的统计证据表明，影响知识转移的其他决定因素从一个研究领域到另一个研究领域各不相同，因此表明需要采取不同的政策来增加不同研究领域的知识转移。本文的最后一部分概述了回归结果对理论构建，公共政策和未来研究的影响。

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