Production of natural bamboo fibers-1: experimental approaches to different processes and analyses

Rocky Bahrum Prang; Thompson Amanda J.

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Production of natural bamboo fibers-1: experimental approaches to different processes and analyses

机译：天然竹纤维的生产-1：不同工艺和分析的实验方法

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This research is dedicated to explore practicable processes for natural bamboo fiber production. The mechanical process, steam explosion, chemical process, enzymatic process, and combined process were investigated to produce prospective natural bamboo fibers. Though none of the processes was solely capable of producing fine and spinnable fibers, combined processes were very effective to produce desired fibers. This article presents methodology and information on some of the successful stepwise processes of natural bamboo fiber production. By maintaining eco-friendly approaches, no more than 1.8% NaOH, 1.8% Na2CO3 or NaHCO3, 10 mL/L H2O2 were applied under suitable conditions in different stages of fiber production. Four enzymes-pectinase, xylanase, pectolase, and laccase were also applied for delignification of fibers. A detailed description of processes and analyses of produced fibers are reported along with their average length and fineness. Length of the fibers was 1.2-21.5 cm with a linear density of 134.10-389.27 mu g/cm or dtex.

机译：这项研究致力于探索生产天然竹纤维的可行方法。研究了机械过程，蒸汽爆炸，化学过程，酶促过程和联合过程，以生产预期的天然竹纤维。尽管没有一种方法能够单独生产细纤和可纺的纤维，但是联合方法对生产所需纤维非常有效。本文介绍了一些成功的天然竹纤维生产逐步过程的方法和信息。通过保持生态友好的方法，在纤维生产的不同阶段，在合适的条件下使用不超过1.8％的NaOH，1.8％的Na2CO3或NaHCO3、10 mL / L H2O2。四种酶-果胶酶，木聚糖酶，果胶酶和漆酶也被用于纤维的脱木质素。报告了对生产的纤维的过程和分析的详细说明，以及它们的平均长度和细度。纤维的长度为1.2-21.5cm，线密度为134.10-389.27μg/ cm或dtex。

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《The Journal of the Textile Institute》 |2018年第10期|1381-1391|共11页
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Rocky Bahrum Prang; Thompson Amanda J.;
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1. Production of natural bamboo fibers-1: experimental approaches to different processes and analyses [J] . Rocky Bahrum Prang, Thompson Amanda J. The Journal of the Textile Institute . 2018,第10期

机译：天然竹纤维的生产-1：不同工艺和分析的实验方法
2. Production of Natural Bamboo Fibers-3: SEM and EDX Analyses of Structures and Properties [J] . Rocky Bahrum Prang, Thompson Amanda J. AATCC Journal of Research . 2018,第6期

机译：天然竹纤维的生产 - 3：SEM和EDX结构和性能分析
3. Building new kinds of meta-models to analyse experimentally (companion) modelling processes in the field of natural resource management [J] . Bonte Bruno, Farolfi Stefano, Ferrand Nils, Environmental Modelling & Software . 2019,第Octa期

机译：建立新的元模型以分析自然资源管理领域的实验（同伴）建模过程
4. Investigation of production parameters of a bamboo based natural fibre composite using acrylate resin (PPT) [C] . Felix Bock International Conference on Wood Adhesives . 2018

机译：丙烯酸酯树脂（PPT）竹基天然纤维复合材料生产参数研究
5. The taphonomy of archaeological fish remains: Experimental approaches to understanding the effects of natural and cultural processes on the presence and identification of cut marks [D] . Willis, Lauren M. 2014

机译：考古鱼的形态学：了解自然和文化过程对切痕的存在和识别的影响的实验方法
6. Genome-wide identification of growth-regulating factors in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): in silico and experimental analyses [O] . Yanan Shi, Huanlong Liu, Yameng Gao, -1

机译：全基因组鉴定毛竹生长调节因子的研究：计算机模拟和实验分析
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Analysis of Experimental Data for a 21% Thick Natural Laminar Flow Airfoil, NAE (National Aeronautical Establishment) 68-060-21:1 (Analyse de Donnees Experimentals d'un Profil Aerodynamique a Ecoulement Laminaire Narurel, NAE 68-0 [R] . Jones, D. J., Khalid, M. 1985

机译：21％厚天然层流翼型的实验数据分析，NaE（国家航空设施）68-060-21：1（分析de Donnees Experimentals d'un profil aerodynamique a Ecoulement Laminaire Narurel，NaE 68-0

Production of natural bamboo fibers-1: experimental approaches to different processes and analyses

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