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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of the Textile Institute. Part 3, Technologies for a New Century >High-tech Fibres for Technical Textiles
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High-tech Fibres for Technical Textiles

机译：技术纺织品用高科技纤维

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摘要

This review explains how an understanding of relationships between the fine structure of fibres and their physical properties has developed over the past 60 or 70 years, culminating in the production of high-tech fibres with greatly superior properties, utilised in technical textiles, which are now commonplace aspects of modern life. In the early days, when natural fibres of cellulose were first studied by X-ray-diffraction methods, the idea of long-chain molecules passing through both crystalline and disordered regions of structure was proposed and generally accepted, but it was only with the invention of electron microscopy, and its application to fibre science, that a true understanding of the diversity of fibre structure could be appreciated and related to physical properties. Thus, through electron diffraction, it was realised that the long-chain molecules of the synthetic fibres of polyethylene, polyamide, and polyester had a propensity to fold into lamellar crystals perpendicular to the fibre axis, which provided a severe restriction to the development of high-performance fibres. The search for chain-extended polymers that could be spun into fibres was ongoing, and simultaneously the possibility of producing fibres with extended lamellar systems parallel to the fibre axis, by converting precursor fibres into carbon-layer planes, was being explored. Direct visualisation of the molecular structures of PPTA and carbon fibres in transmission electron microscopy led to improved understanding of the relationships between tensile properties and structure, together with a realisation that the concomitant problem of relatively poor compressive properties has yet to be overcome.
机译：这篇评论解释了过去60或70年间人们对纤维的精细结构与其物理性能之间的关系的理解是如何发展的，最终导致了生产出具有非常优越性能的高科技纤维，这些纤维被用于工业纺织品中，如今已被广泛使用。现代生活中司空见惯的方面。早期，当最初通过X射线衍射方法研究纤维素的天然纤维时，提出并普遍接受了长链分子穿过晶体结构和无序结构区域的想法，但这只是本发明的想法。电子显微镜及其在纤维科学中的应用，使人们对纤维结构的多样性有了真正的了解，并与物理性质有关。因此，通过电子衍射，发现聚乙烯，聚酰胺和聚酯的合成纤维的长链分子具有折叠成垂直于纤维轴的层状晶体的倾向，这严重限制了高纤维的发展。性能纤维。正在进行寻找可纺成纤维的扩链聚合物的研究，同时正在探索通过将前体纤维转化为碳层平面来生产具有平行于纤维轴的扩展层状体系的纤维的可能性。在透射电子显微镜中直接可视化PPTA和碳纤维的分子结构，可以更好地理解拉伸性能和结构之间的关系，并认识到压缩性能相对较差的问题尚待克服。

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