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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >IMPLICATIONS OF UPSTREAM FLOW AVAILABILITY FOR WATERSHED SURFACE WATER SUPPLY ACROSS THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES
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IMPLICATIONS OF UPSTREAM FLOW AVAILABILITY FOR WATERSHED SURFACE WATER SUPPLY ACROSS THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES

机译：跨美国的流水表面供应的上游流可用性的含义

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摘要

Although it is well established that the availability of upstream flow (AUF) affects downstream water supply, its significance has not been rigorously categorized and quantified at fine resolutions. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a nationwide inventory of AUF and local water resource, and assessing their roles in securing water supply across the 2,099 8-digit hydrologic unit code watersheds in the conterminous United States (CONUS). We investigated the effects of river hydraulic connectivity, climate variability, and water withdrawal, and consumption on water availability and water stress (ratio of demand to supply) in the past three decades (i.e., 1981-2010). The results show that 12% of the CONUS land relied on AUF for adequate freshwater supply, while local water alone was sufficient to meet the demand in another 74% of the area. The remaining 14% highly stressed area was mostly found in headwater areas or watersheds that were isolated from other basins, where stress levels were more sensitive to climate variability. Although the constantly changing water demand was the primary cause of escalating/diminishing stress, AUF variation could be an important driver in the arid south and southwest. This research contributes to better understanding of the significance of upstream-downstream water nexus in regional water availability, and this becomes more crucial under a changing climate and with intensified human activities.
机译：尽管已经确定上游水流（AUF）的可用性会影响下游水供应，但尚未对其精细分类的重要性进行严格分类和量化。本研究旨在通过在全国范围内提供AUF和当地水资源的清单，并评估它们在确保美国本土（CONUS）的2,099个8位数水文单位代码集水区的水供应中的作用来填补这一空白。我们调查了过去三十年（即1981-2010年）河流水力连通性，气候多变性，取水量和消耗量对水供应和水分胁迫（供求比）的影响。结果表明，CONUS土地的12％依靠AUF来提供充足的淡水，而仅当地的水就足以满足该地区另外74％的需求。剩下的14％的高应力区域主要分布在与其他盆地隔离的上游水域或流域，在这些盆地中，应力水平对气候变化更为敏感。尽管不断变化的需水量是造成压力增加/减轻的主要原因，但AUF的变化可能是干旱的南部和西南部的重要驱动力。这项研究有助于更好地理解上游-下游水关系在区域水供应中的重要性，在气候变化和人类活动加剧的情况下，这一点变得尤为重要。

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