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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SNOWPACK SENSITIVITY TO TEMPERATURE AND ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE CHANGES IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CA
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MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SNOWPACK SENSITIVITY TO TEMPERATURE AND ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE CHANGES IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CA

机译：加州约塞米特国家公园对温度和大气水分变化的嗅觉敏感性的管理意义

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摘要

In order to investigate snowpack sensitivity to temperature increases and end-member atmospheric moisture conditions, we applied a well-constrained energy- and mass-balance snow model across the full elevation range of seasonal snowpack using forcing data from recent wet and dry years. Humidity scenarios examined were constant relative humidity (high) and constant vapor pressure between storms (low). With minimum calibration, model results captured the observed magnitude and timing of snowmelt. April 1 snow water equivalent (SWE) losses of 38%, 73%, and 90% with temperature increases of 2, 4, and 6 degrees C in a dry year centered on areas of greatest SWE accumulation. Each 2 degrees C increment of warming also resulted in seasonal snowline moving upslope by 300m. The zone of maximum melt was compressed upward 100-500m with 6 degrees C warming, with the range reflecting differences in basin hypsometry. Melt contribution by elevations below 2,000m disappeared with 4 degrees C warming. The constant-relative-humidity scenario resulted in 0-100mm less snowpack in late spring vs. the constant-vapor-pressure scenario in a wet year, a difference driven by increased thermal radiation (+1.2W/m(2)) and turbulent energy fluxes (+1.2W/m(2)) to the snowpack for the constant-relative-humidity case. Loss of snowpack storage and potential increases in forest evapotranspiration due to warming will result in a substantial shift in forest water balance and present major challenges to land management in this mountainous region.
机译：为了调查积雪对温度升高和末端成员大气湿度条件的敏感性，我们使用了来自近年干湿两季的强迫数据，在季节性积雪的整个海拔范围内应用了一个受约束的能量和质量平衡积雪模型。检查的湿度场景是相对湿度恒定（高）和暴风雨之间恒定的蒸气压（低）。通过最少的校准，模型结果捕获了观测到的融雪量和时间。在干燥年份，随着SWE积累量最大的地区，温度升高2、4和6摄氏度，4月1日的雪水当量（SWE）损失分别为38％，73％和90％。气温每升高2摄氏度，季节性雪线就会上升300m。在6摄氏度的升温下，最大熔体区域被向上压缩100-500m，该范围反映了盆地测压法的差异。当温度升高4摄氏度时，海拔2,000m以下的融解作用消失了。相对湿度恒定的情况导致春末的积雪量比潮湿年份恒定蒸汽压的情况少0-100mm，这是由热辐射（+ 1.2W / m（2））增加和湍流驱动的恒定相对湿度情况下，雪堆的能量通量（+ 1.2W / m（2））。由于变暖，积雪的积蓄损失和森林蒸散的潜在增加将导致森林水量平衡发生重大变化，并对该山区的土地管理提出重大挑战。

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