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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >EFFECTS OF CROPPING SYSTEMS ON NO_3-N LOSSES TO TILE DRAIN
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EFFECTS OF CROPPING SYSTEMS ON NO_3-N LOSSES TO TILE DRAIN

机译：耕作制度对NO_3-N滴漏失水的影响

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摘要

Diverse cropping systems can have significant impacts on nutrient losses through tile drain systems and to surface water bodies (rivers and streams). Increased transport of nitrogen to water bodies can reduce dissolved oxygen and enrich the supply of nutrients, resulting in hypoxic zones. With the objective of reducing the transport of nutrients from agricultural watersheds, long term studies (1990 to 1998) were conducted in Iowa to investigate the impact of tillage, crop rotation, and N-management practices on NO_3-N leaching losses to tile drain water. Results of these studies indicated that continuous corn production systems required higher input of nitrogen fertilizers and resulted in significantly higher NO_3-N leaching losses compared to rotated corn in plots either fertilized with manure or urea ammonium nitrate. Also, rotated corn gave higher corn yields, 8 megagrams per hectare (Mg/ha) versus 6 Mg/ha, than continuous corn. The higher N application rates resulted in increased NO_3-N concentrations in tile water. A strip cropping system with alfalfa lowered NO_3-N concentrations in tile water to less than 10 mg/l. These studies indicated that better land use practices can reduce NO_3-N leaching losses to surface and ground water systems and will help in mitigating environmental concerns of the production agriculture.
机译：多样化的种植系统会对通过瓷砖排水系统和地表水体（河流和溪流）的养分流失产生重大影响。氮向水体的运输增加会减少溶解氧并丰富养分的供应，从而形成缺氧区域。为了减少农业流域中养分的运输，在爱荷华州进行了长期研究（1990年至1998年），以调查耕作，轮作和氮素管理措施对瓷砖排水中NO_3-N淋失的影响。 。这些研究结果表明，与使用化肥或尿素硝酸铵施肥的地块中的旋转玉米相比，连续的玉米生产系统需要更高的氮肥输入量，并导致更高的NO_3-N淋失损失。同样，与连续玉米相比，旋转玉米获得更高的玉米产量，每公顷8毫克（Mg / ha）与6 Mg / ha。较高的氮施用量导致瓷砖水中NO_3-N浓度增加。苜蓿的条带种植系统将瓷砖水中的NO_3-N浓度降低至低于10 mg / l。这些研究表明，更好的土地利用实践可以减少NO_3-N对地表水和地下水系统的淋失，并有助于减轻生产农业的环境问题。

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