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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >MODELING ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM FORESTED WATERSHEDS ACROSS THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
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MODELING ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM FORESTED WATERSHEDS ACROSS THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

机译：模拟美国东南部有森林的水域的实际蒸散

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摘要

About 50 to 80 percent of precipitation in the southeastern United States returns to the atmosphere by evapotranspi-ration. As evapotranspiration is a major component in the forest water balances, accurately quantifying it is critical to predicting the effects of forest management and global change on water, sediment, and nutrient yield from forested watersheds. However, direct measurement of forest evapotranspiration on a large basin or a regional scale is not possible. The objectives of this study were to develop an empirical model to estimate long-term annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) for forested watersheds and to quantify spatial AET patterns across the southeast. A geographic information system (GIS) database including land cover, daily streamflow, and climate was developed using long term experimental and monitoring data from 39 forested watersheds across the region. Using the stepwise selection method implemented in a statistical modeling package, a long term annual AET model was constructed. The final multivariate linear model includes four independent variables - annual precipitation, watershed latitude, watershed elevation, and percentage of forest coverage. The model has an adjusted R~2 of 0.794 and is sufficient to predict long term annual AET for forested watersheds across the southeastern United States. The model developed by this study may be used to examine the spatial variability of water availability, estimate annual water loss from mesoscale watersheds, and project potential water yield change due to forest cover change.
机译：在美国东南部，约有50％至80％的降水通过蒸发蒸发返回大气层。由于蒸散量是森林水量平衡的主要组成部分，因此准确地对其进行量化对于预测森林管理和全球变化对森林流域的水，沉积物和养分产量的影响至关重要。但是，不可能在大盆地或区域范围内直接测量森林的蒸散量。这项研究的目的是建立一个经验模型，以估计森林流域的长期年度实际蒸散量（AET），并量化整个东南部的空间AET模式。利用来自该地区39个森林流域的长期实验和监测数据，开发了一个包括土地覆盖，每日流量和气候的地理信息系统（GIS）数据库。使用统计建模工具包中实现的逐步选择方法，构建了长期年度AET模型。最终的多元线性模型包括四个独立变量-年降水量，分水岭纬度，分水岭高程和森林覆盖率。该模型的调整后R〜2为0.794，足以预测美国东南部森林流域的长期年度AET。这项研究开发的模型可用于检查可用水量的空间变异性，估算中尺度流域的年度水损失，以及预测由于森林覆盖率变化而引起的潜在水产量变化。

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