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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TEMPORAL SAMPLING STRATEGIES ON ESTIMATING TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION AND TRANSPORT IN SMALL STREAMS
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INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TEMPORAL SAMPLING STRATEGIES ON ESTIMATING TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION AND TRANSPORT IN SMALL STREAMS

机译：不同时间抽样策略对小流域总磷和悬浮泥沙浓度和迁移量的估算

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摘要

Various temporal sampling strategies are used to monitor water quality in small streams. To determine how various strategies influence the estimated water quality, frequently collected water quality data from eight small streams (14 to 110 km~2) in Wisconsin were systematically subsampled to simulate typically used strategies. These subsets of data were then used to estimate mean, median, and maximum concentrations, and with continuous daily flows used to estimate annual loads (using the regression method) and volumetrically weighted mean concentrations. For each strategy, accuracy and precision in each summary statistic were evaluated by comparison with concentrations and loads of total phosphorus and suspended sediment estimated from all available data. The most effective sampling strategy depends on the statistic of interest and study duration. For mean and median concentrations, the most frequent fixed period sampling economically feasible is best. For maximum concentrations, any strategy with samples at or prior to peak flow is best. The best sampling strategy to estimate loads depends on the study duration. For one-year studies, fixed period monthly sampling supplemented with storm chasing was best, even though loads were overestimated by 25 to 50 percent. For two to three-year load studies and estimating volumetrically weighted mean concentrations, fixed period semimonthly sampling was best.
机译：各种时间采样策略用于监视小溪中的水质。为了确定各种策略如何影响估计的水质，系统地对来自威斯康星州的八个小溪（14至110 km〜2）中频繁收集的水质数据进行了系统采样，以模拟常用的策略。然后将这些数据子集用于估计平均浓度，中位数和最大浓度，并使用连续的每日流量来估计年度负荷（使用回归方法）和体积加权平均浓度。对于每种策略，通过与根据所有可用数据估算的总磷和悬浮沉积物的浓度和负荷进行比较，来评估每个汇总统计中的准确性和精密度。最有效的抽样策略取决于兴趣统计和研究持续时间。对于平均浓度和中位数浓度，从经济上可行的最频繁的固定周期采样是最好的。对于最大浓度，任何在峰值流量之前或之前均采用样品的策略都是最佳的。估计负荷的最佳采样策略取决于研究时间。对于一年的研究，即使负荷被高估了25％到50％，固定周期的每月采样也最好加上风暴追踪。对于两到三年的负荷研究并估算体积加权平均浓度，最好是每半个月定期进行采样。

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