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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >Effects of Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange Mechanism in the National Water Model over the Northern High Plains Aquifer, USA
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Effects of Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange Mechanism in the National Water Model over the Northern High Plains Aquifer, USA

机译：地下水位水交换机制在北方高原含水层的国家水模型中的影响

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摘要

Surface water and groundwater are intimately connected by a two-way flux between the stream and underlying aquifers. The National Water Model (NWM) currently only considers a one-way flux, where groundwater can enter a stream but cannot return to the aquifer. The Northern High Plains Aquifer, USA is used as a case study to investigate the consequences of omitting two-way stream-aquifer fluxes on streamflow prediction capabilities of the NWM during hydrologic extremes. Instead of traditional field techniques to identify stream-aquifer fluxes, this study presents an integrated approach to classify likely stream regimes using three identification methods: United States Geological Survey (USGS) gage data, simulated stream-aquifer fluxes from an existing USGS Groundwater Availability Model, and the normalized difference vegetation index from remote sensing. For flood events, the modeled flood response for losing streams is characterized by statistically significant earlier peak discharges and an overestimate of the observed flood volume when compared to gaining streams. For drought events, our study found no statistical difference between losing and gaining streams, however, modeled streamflow from the NWM overestimated the observed USGS hydrograph. The systematic overestimate of streamflow by the NWM could be, in part, due to the lack of a losing stream mechanism which was on average 0.1% streamflow loss per streamwise km along the river.
机译：地表水和地下水通过流和底层含水层之间的双向通量密切相关。国家水模型（NWM）目前仅考虑单向通量，地下水可以进入流但无法返回含水层。美国北高平原含水层作为案例研究，探讨省略双向流 - 含水层在水文极端期间NWM的流式流动预测能力的后果。该研究代替传统的现场技术来识别流含水流量的流量，这提出了一种使用三种识别方法对可能的流制度进行分类的综合方法：美国地质调查（USGS）量具数据，来自现有USGS地下水可用性模型的模拟流 - 含水层通量以及遥感的归一化差异植被指数。对于洪水事件，对失去流的建模洪水响应的特征在于与获得流相比，统计上显着的早期峰值放电和观察到的洪水量的高估。对于干旱事件，我们的研究发现，失去和获得流之间没有统计差异，然而，来自NWM的模型流流量高估了观察到的USGS水文。由于缺乏沿着河流平均每流式千米的损失流动机制缺乏失去的流机构，因此NWM的流流量的系统高估。

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