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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >Evaluating Instream Restoration Effectiveness in Reducing Nitrogen Export from an Urban Catchment with a Data-Model Approach
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Evaluating Instream Restoration Effectiveness in Reducing Nitrogen Export from an Urban Catchment with a Data-Model Approach

机译：评估仪器恢复效能降低城市集水区的氮源与数据模型方法

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Urbanization increases stormwater runoff into streams, resulting in channel erosion, and increases in sediment and nutrient delivery to receiving water bodies. Stream restoration is widely used as a Best Management Practice to stabilize banks and reduce sediment and nutrient loads. While most instream nutrient retention measurements are often limited to low flow conditions, most of the nutrient load is mobilized at high stream flows in urban settings. We, therefore, use a process-based stream ecosystem model in conjunction with measurements at low flows and focus on estimation of stream nitrogen retention over the full streamflow distribution. The model provides a theoretical framework to evaluate the geomorphic, hydrologic, and ecological factors that are manipulated by stream restoration, and drive nitrogen retention. We set a model for a pool-riffle sequence restored stream (190 m) in Baltimore County, Maryland and calibrated the model to the in situ measured primary production (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient [NSE] NSE = 0.89), respiration (NSE = 0.74), and nitrate uptake lengths (R-2 = 0.88). At the daily scale, simulations showed low nitrogen retention during high flows due to high transport rates, mobilization of stored hyporheic nitrogen, and scouring of periphyton biomass. This result underscores the need to reduce contributing watershed runoff flashiness to promote aquatic nutrient cycling and retention. At monthly and yearly time scale, model predicted a higher percent reduction in summer than in winter and estimated 5.7%-9.5% of annual nitrate reductions. While the model was tested in a pool-riffle sequence restoration design, the approach can be adapted to evaluate a range of channel restoration design characteristics, and the effects of upland watershed restoration to mitigate stormwater loading through both restored and unrestored streams.
机译：城市化将雨水径流增加到溪流中，导致通道侵蚀，并增加沉积物和养分交付给接收水体。流恢复被广泛用作最佳管理实践，以稳定银行并减少沉积物和养分负荷。虽然大多数仪器营养保留测量通常限于低流量条件，但大多数营养负荷在城市环境中的高流流动中动员。因此，我们使用基于过程的流生态系统模型结合低流量的测量，并专注于在完整流流分布上估计流氮潴留。该模型提供了一种理论框架，以评估通过河流修复的地貌，水文和生态因子，以及驱动氮潴留。我们为马里兰州巴尔的摩县恢复流（190米）设定了一个泳池 - Riffle序列恢复的流（190米），并将模型校准为原位测量的主要生产（Nash-Sutcliffe模型效率系数[NSE] NSE = 0.89），呼吸（NSE = 0.74）和硝酸盐摄取长度（R-2 = 0.88）。在日常规模中，由于高运输速率，储存的低于氮气的动员和植物高水氮的冲洗，模拟在高流量期间显示出低的氮潴留。这结果强调了减少有助于促进水生营养循环和保留的水流域闪烁的必要性。每月和年次时级，模型预测夏季比冬季更高的百分比，估计年度硝酸盐减少的5.7％-9.5％。虽然在池 - Riffle序列恢复设计中测试了模型，但该方法可以适用于评估一系列通道恢复设计特征，以及高地流域恢复的影响通过恢复和未被恢复的流缓解雨水加载。

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