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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids >Crack deflection in brittle media with heterogeneous interfaces and its application in shale fracking
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Crack deflection in brittle media with heterogeneous interfaces and its application in shale fracking

机译：异质界面脆性介质中的裂纹挠度及其在页岩压裂中的应用

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摘要

Driven by the rapid progress in exploiting unconventional energy resources such as shale gas, there is growing interest in hydraulic fracture of brittle yet heterogeneous shales. In particular, how hydraulic cracks interact with natural weak zones in sedimentary rocks to form permeable cracking networks is of significance in engineering practice. Such a process is typically influenced by crack deflection, material anisotropy, crack-surface friction, crustal stresses, and so on. In this work, we extend the He-Hutchinson theory (He and Hutchinson, 1989) to give the closed-form formulae of the strain energy release rate of a hydraulic crack with arbitrary angles with respect to the crustal stress. The critical conditions in which the hydraulic crack deflects into weak interfaces and exhibits a dependence on crack-surface friction and crustal stress anisotropy are given in explicit formulae. We reveal analytically that, with increasing pressure, hydraulic fracture in shales may sequentially undergo friction locking, mode Ⅱ fracture, and mixed mode fracture. Mode Ⅱ fracture dominates the hydraulic fracturing process and the impinging angle between the hydraulic crack and the weak interface is the determining factor that accounts for crack deflection; the lower friction coefficient between cracked planes and the greater crustal stress difference favor hydraulic fracturing. In addition to shale fracking, the analytical solution of crack deflection could be used in failure analysis of other brittle media.
机译：在开发非常规能源（如页岩气）的快速发展的推动下，人们对脆性非均质页岩的水力压裂越来越感兴趣。特别是，水力裂缝如何与沉积岩中的天然薄弱区域相互作用以形成可渗透的裂缝网络，在工程实践中具有重要意义。这样的过程通常受裂纹变形，材料各向异性，裂纹表面摩擦，地壳应力等影响。在这项工作中，我们扩展了He-Hutchinson理论（He和Hutchinson，1989），给出了相对于地壳应力具有任意角度的水力裂缝的应变能释放率的封闭形式。明确的公式给出了水力裂缝偏转到弱界面并显示出对裂缝表面摩擦和地壳应力各向异性的依赖的临界条件。分析表明，随着压力的增加，页岩中的水力压裂可能会依次发生摩擦锁定，Ⅱ型压裂和混合压裂。 Ⅱ型断裂在水力压裂过程中占主导地位，水力裂纹与弱界面的碰撞角是造成裂纹挠度的决定因素。裂纹面之间的摩擦系数越低，地壳应力差越大，则有利于水力压裂。除页岩压裂外，裂纹挠度的解析解还可用于其他脆性介质的破坏分析。

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