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Cities and cultures

机译:城市和文化

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摘要

We investigate whether cultural diversity across US cities (measured as the variety of native languages spoken by city residents) is associated with any effect on their productivity. Diversity of cultures may imply diversity of production skills, of abilities and of occupations that enhances the productive performance of a city. On the other hand transaction costs and frictions across groups may hurt productivity. Similarly, diversity in available goods and services can increase utility but distaste for (or hostility to) different cultural groups may decrease it. Using census data from 1970 to 1990, we find that wages and employment density of US-born workers were systematically higher, ceteris paribus, in cities with richer linguistic diversity. These positive correlations reveal a net positive effect of diversity on productivity that survives robustness checks and instrumental variable estimation. This effect is found to be stronger for highly educated workers and for white workers. We also show that better 'assimilated' non-native speakers, i.e. those who speak English well and have been in the US for more than five years, are most beneficial to the productivity of US-born workers.
机译:我们调查了美国各城市的文化多样性(以城市居民所说的母语作为衡量标准)是否与生产力产生任何影响。文化的多样性可能意味着生产技能,能力和职业的多样性会提高城市的生产绩效。另一方面,交易成本和群体间的摩擦可能会损害生产率。同样,可用商品和服务的多样性可以增加效用,但对不同文化群体的厌恶(或敌视)可能会减少它。使用1970年至1990年的人口普查数据,我们发现,在语言丰富的城市中,美国出生的工人的工资和就业密度在系统上较高,而在其他方面则较高。这些正相关关系揭示了多样性对生产率的净正影响,这种影响在健壮性检查和工具变量估计中仍然有效。人们发现,对于受过高等教育的工人和白人工人,这种影响更大。我们还表明,更好的“同化”非母语人士,即说英语流利且在美国工作五年以上的人士,对美国出生的工人的生产力最有利。

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