Applications of model-driven engineering in cyber-physical systems: A systematic mapping study

Mohamed Mustafa Abshir; Challenger Moharram; Kardas Geylani

摘要

Engineers face significant challenges in developing cyber-physical systems (CPS) due to their heterogeneous nature, i.e. the need for knowledge and skills from a wide range of academic and industrial disciplines, the integration of the artifacts of these disciplines and fields, and the difficulty of maintaining such heterogeneous artifacts should be taken into account. The development of CPS mostly needs a unified methodology that permits efficient raise of the abstraction level to overcome issues of heterogeneity induced by the multidisciplinary nature of the system. Model-driven engineering (MDE) is believed to be an alternative solution to overcome the challenges faced while developing CPS. This paper presents a systematic mapping study on using the MDE paradigm in CPS development and management. 140 research papers published during the period 2010-2018 are evaluated. The study mainly enables to find out the followed approaches when applying MDE for CPS, addressed CPS challenges, application domains and presented case studies. Results showed that the number of publications in this field is continuously increasing in recent years. Results also showed that metamodeling and model-based approaches are mostly adopted by the researchers affiliated to Europe, while DSL-based approach is adopted mostly by USA affiliated researchers. Only 45% of the studies consider a specific CPS application domain in which Smart Manufacturing is the most addressed domain followed by Critical Infrastructure, Health Care and Medicine. Moreover, the majority of the studies present case studies as the main evaluation method for the proposed MDE solutions. Conducting empirical evaluations is mostly missing. The results also revealed that various CPS challenges are addressed, and the most addressed ones are the complexity and interoperability aspects of CPS. Reporting on what previous researches have accomplished, as well as current research efforts and open challenges related to this field can guide researchers and developers in their further work on CPS design and implementation.

机译：由于其异质性，即需要从广泛的学术和工业学科，这些学科和领域的文物的整合，因此工程师面临着开发网络 - 物理系统（CPS）的重大挑战，即需要从各种学科和工业学科的整合，以及这些学科和领域的伪影以及困难应考虑维持这种异构伪像。 CPS的开发主要需要统一的方法，允许有效地提高抽象水平，以克服系统的多学科性质引起的异质性问题。据信模型驱动工程（MDE）是替代解决方案，以克服开发CPS时面临的挑战。本文介绍了在CPS开发和管理中使用MDE范例的系统映射研究。在2010 - 2018年期间发表的140篇研究论文得到了评估。该研究主要在为CPS应用MDE时，该研究主要能够找到遵循的方法，解决了CPS挑战，应用领域和呈现的案例研究。结果表明，该领域的出版物数量近年来不断增加。结果还表明，由欧洲附属的研究人员主要采用了元模型和基于模型的方法，而基于DSL的方法主要由美国附属研究人员采用。只有45％的研究考虑了一个特定的CPS应用领域，其中智能制造是最具解决的域，然后是关键基础设施，医疗保健和医学。此外，大多数研究表明案例研究是所提出的MDE解决方案的主要评价方法。进行实证评估大多缺失。结果还透露，解决了各种CPS挑战，最多的解决方案是CPS的复杂性和互操作性方面。报告以前的研究已完成，以及目前与该领域相关的研究努力和开放挑战可以指导研究人员和开发人员进一步努力参加CPS设计和实施。

Applications of model-driven engineering in cyber-physical systems: A systematic mapping study

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