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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >The glaciovolcanic evolution of an andesitic edifice, South Crater, Tongariro volcano, New Zealand
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The glaciovolcanic evolution of an andesitic edifice, South Crater, Tongariro volcano, New Zealand

机译：新西兰汤加里罗火山，南火山口，安第斯山脉的冰川火山演化

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摘要

Unusual deposits, mapped and logged in detail, around the summit area of Tongariro volcano, Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand indicate that the construction and evolution of a substantial portion of this andesitic stratovolcano was beneath a significant ice cap or summit glacier. As the edifice was built under and through the overlying ice, the style of volcanism evolved in a complex history of growth. Initially, a 100 m thick, widespread hyaloclastite deposit was emplaced within a subglacial, eruption-formed meltwater lake. This was followed by several phases of effusive and explosive eruptions, producing lava flows and primary volcaniclastic deposits emplaced along channels carved into the ice by heated meltwater. The clastic deposits contain quenched bombs and structural features that indicate waterlain transport and emplacement, and soft sediment deformation. Such accumulation of water on a steep-sided edifice without evidence for a subaerial crater lake, along with lava flow features indicating confinement, suggest that a substantial summit glacier was responsible for the production and retention of water, and the architecture of these deposits. Recent studies at nearby Ruapehu volcano have provided good evidence for glaciovolcanic interactions during the last glacial period. However, until now, little was known of the physical lava-ice interactions in the Centre during the last interglacial period and the earlier part of the last glacial period (110-64 ka). These new data support a reinterpretation for the volcanic evolution of the older Tongariro edifice and the emplacement mechanisms of primary volcaniclastic deposits. They also help to constrain local ice thicknesses and extents at the times of eruption. In addition, this study contributes to a sparse global catalogue of glaciovolcanic deposits of andesitic composition, particularly of primary volcaniclastics preserved at mid-latitude stratovolcanoes. The variety of deposit types indicates a volcano building and evolving with glaciation and is an outstanding example of the types of glaciovolcanic interaction that can occur at one volcano. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在新西兰汤加里罗火山中心的汤加里罗火山顶峰地区周围，有不寻常的沉积物被详细记录和记录，表明该安第斯山脉平流层火山的大部分构造和演化都在一个重要的冰盖或山顶冰川之下。由于建筑物是在覆冰之下并通过覆冰建造的，因此，火山的风格在复杂的增长历史中发展了。最初，一个100 m厚的，广泛的透明质碎屑矿床被放置在一个冰川下，喷发形成的融水湖中。随后是爆发性和爆发性喷发的几个阶段，产生熔岩流，并通过加热的融化水沿着刻在冰上的河道安置了主要的火山碎屑沉积物。碎屑沉积物包含淬火的炸弹和结构特征，表明水层运输和进位以及软质沉积物变形。这种在陡峭的高楼大厦上积水，而没有地下火山口湖的证据，以及熔岩流特征表明局限性，表明大量的顶峰冰川负责水的生产和保存以及这些沉积物的构造。最近在鲁阿佩胡火山附近的研究为过去冰川期的冰川火山相互作用提供了良好的证据。但是，直到现在，人们对最后一个冰期之间和最后一个冰期早期（110-64 ka）期间中心熔岩与冰的物理相互作用还知之甚少。这些新数据支持对古老的汤加里罗大厦的火山演化和主要火山碎屑沉积体的沉积机制进行重新解释。它们还有助于在喷发时限制局部冰的厚度和范围。此外，这项研究有助于减少安第斯山脉组成的冰川火山岩沉积物的全球目录，特别是保存在中纬度平流层火山中的原始火山碎屑岩。沉积物类型的多样性表明火山正在形成并随着冰川作用而演化，并且是一个火山可能发生的冰川-火山相互作用类型的杰出例子。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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