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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >The spectrum of persistent volcanic flank instability: A review and proposed framework based on Kilauea, Piton de la Fournaise, and Etna
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The spectrum of persistent volcanic flank instability: A review and proposed framework based on Kilauea, Piton de la Fournaise, and Etna

机译：持续的火山侧翼不稳谱：基于基拉韦厄，皮顿·德拉·富尔纳瓦和埃特纳火山的回顾和拟议框架

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Persistent motion of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, has been known for several decades, but has only recently been identified at other large basaltic volcanoes-namely Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion) and Etna (Sicily)-thanks to the advent of space geodetic techniques. Nevertheless, understanding of long-term flank instability is based largely on the example of Kilauea, despite the large differences in the manifestations and mechanisms of the process when viewed through a comparative lens. For example, the rate of flank motion at Kilauea is several times that of Etna and Piton de la Fournaise and is accommodated on a slip plane several km deeper than is probably present at the other two volcanoes. Gravitational spreading also appears to be the dominant driving force at Kilauea, given the long-term steady motion of the volcano's south flank regardless of eruptive/intrusive activity, whereas magmatic activity plays a larger role in flank deformation at Etna and Piton de la Fournaise. Kilauea and Etna, however, are both characterized by heavily faulted flanks, while Piton de la Fournaise shows little evidence for flank faulting. A helpful means of understanding the spectrum of persistent flank motion at large basaltic edifices may be through a framework defined on one hand by magmatic activity (which encompasses both magma supply and edifice size), and on the other hand by the structural setting of the volcano (especially the characteristics of the subvolcanic basement or subhorizontal intravolcanic weak zones). A volcano's size and magmatic activity will dictate the extent to which gravitational and magmatic forces can drive motion of an unstable flank (and possibly the level of faulting of that flank), while the volcano's structural setting governs whether or not a plane of weakness exists beneath or within the edifice and can facilitate flank slip. Considering persistent flank instability using this conceptual model is an alternative to using a single volcano as a "type example"-especially given that the example is usually Kilauea, which defines an extreme end of the spectrum-and can provide a basis for understanding why flank motion may or may not exist on other large basaltic volcanoes worldwide. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：夏威夷基拉韦厄火山南翼的持续运动已经知道了几十年，但直到最近才在其他大型玄武岩火山中发现，分别是皮顿·德拉·富尔纳瓦火山（留尼汪岛）和埃特纳火山（西西里岛），这要归功于大地测量技术的出现。尽管如此，尽管通过对比镜头观察到该过程的表现和机制存在很大差异，但对长期胁腹不稳定性的理解主要是基于Kilauea的例子。例如，基拉韦厄（Kilauea）的侧翼运动速度是埃特纳火山（Etna）和皮顿·德拉富尔纳瓦（Piton de la Fournaise）的几倍，并被容纳在比其他两个火山可能深几公里的滑面上。引力扩散似乎也是基拉韦厄半岛的主要驱动力，考虑到火山南翼的长期稳定运动，无论其喷发/侵入活动如何，而岩浆活动在埃特纳火山和富尔纳塞峰的侧翼变形中起着更大的作用。然而，基拉韦厄和埃特纳火山的特征是侧翼严重断层，而皮顿·德拉·富尔纳瓦（Piton de la Fournaise）几乎没有证据表明侧翼有断层。通过大型岩浆活动（既包括岩浆供应和建筑物的大小），又通过火山的结构环境，可以定义一个框架，这是理解大型玄武岩上的持续侧面运动频谱的一种有用方法。 （尤其是火山下基底或水平下火山内脆弱带的特征）。火山的大小和岩浆活动将决定重力和岩浆作用力在多大程度上可以驱动不稳定的侧翼运动（并可能驱动该侧翼的断裂程度），而火山的结构背景则决定着下方是否存在弱化平面或在大厦内，可有助于侧滑。使用此概念模型考虑到持续的侧面不稳定是将单个火山用作“类型示例”的一种替代方法-尤其是考虑到该示例通常是基拉韦厄火山，它定义了光谱的一个极端，并且可以为理解为何侧翼提供基础全球其他大型玄武岩火山的运动可能存在也可能不存在。由Elsevier B.V.发布

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