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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Quantifying mixing, boiling, degassing, oxidation and reactivity of thermal waters at Vonarskard, Iceland
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Quantifying mixing, boiling, degassing, oxidation and reactivity of thermal waters at Vonarskard, Iceland

机译：量化冰岛Vonarskard温泉水的混合，沸腾，除气，氧化和反应性

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摘要

The chemical composition of geothermal fluids may be altered upon ascent from the reservoir to surface by processes including boiling, degassing, mixing, oxidation and water-rock interaction. In an attempt to quantify these processes, a three step model was developed that includes: (1) defining the composition of the end member fluid types present in the system, (2) quantifying mixing between the end-members using non reactive elemental concentrations and enthalpy and (3) quantifying the changes of reactive elements including degassing, oxidation and water-rock interaction. The model was applied to geothermal water at Vonarskard, Iceland, for demonstration having temperatures of 3-98 degrees C, pH of 2.15-9.95 and TDS of 323-2250 ppm, and was thought to be produced from boiled reservoir water, condensed steam and non-thermal water. Most geothermal water represented mixture of non-thermal water and condensed steam whereas the boiled reservoir water was insignificantly mixed. CO2 and H2S degassing was found to be quantitative in steam-heated water, with oxidation of H2S to SO4 also occurred. In contrast, major rock forming elements are enriched in steam heated water relative to their mixing ratios, suggesting water-rock interaction in the surface zone. Boiled reservoir water observed in alkaline hot springs have, however, undergone less geochemical changes upon ascent to surface and within the surface zone. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：地热流体的化学组成可能会随着过程从沸腾到脱气，混合，氧化和水-岩相互作用而从储层上升到地面而改变。为了量化这些过程，开发了一个三步模型，其中包括：（1）定义系统中存在的端部流体类型的组成，（2）使用非反应性元素浓度来量化端部之间的混合，以及焓和（3）量化反应元素的变化，包括脱气，氧化和水-岩相互作用。该模型被应用于冰岛沃纳尔斯卡德的地热水，用于示范，温度为3-98摄氏度，pH为2.15-9.95，TDS为323-2250 ppm，被认为是由沸腾的储层水，冷凝水和非热水。大多数地热水代表的是非热水和冷凝蒸汽的混合物，而沸腾的储层水则微不足道。发现在蒸汽加热的水中，CO2和H2S脱气是定量的，并且还会发生H2S氧化为SO4的情况。相反，主要的岩石形成元素相对于它们的混合比例富含蒸汽加热的水，这表明在表层区域中水与岩石的相互作用。然而，在碱性温泉中观察到的沸腾的储层水在上升到地表和地表区域内后，经历的地球化学变化较小。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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