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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Multi-decadal satellite measurements of global volcanic degassing
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Multi-decadal satellite measurements of global volcanic degassing

机译：全球火山脱气的多年代卫星测量

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Satellite instruments have been providing measurements of global volcanic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) since 1978, based on observations in the ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and microwave spectral bands. We review recent advances in satellite remote sensing of volcanic gases, focusing on increased instrument sensitivity to tropospheric SO2 emissions and techniques to determine volcanic plume altitude. A synthesis of similar to 36 years of global UV, IR and microwave satellite measurements yields an updated assessment of the volcanic SO2 flux to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) between 1978 and 2014 (similar to 1-2 Tg/yr). The present availability of multiple UV and IR satellite SO2 products provides increased confidence in calculated SO2 loadings for many eruptions. We examine the temporal and latitudinal distribution of volcanic SO2 emissions and reassess the relationship between eruptive SO2 discharge and eruption magnitude, finding a first-order correlation between SO2 emission and volcanic explosivity index (VEI), but with significant scatter. Based on the observed SO2-VEI relation, we estimate the fraction of eruptive SO2 emissions released by the smallest eruptions (similar to 0.48 Tg/yr), which is not recorded by satellite observations. A detailed breakdown of the sources of measured SO2 emissions reveals intuitively expected correlations between eruption frequency, SO2 loading and volcanic degassing style. We discuss new constraints on e-folding times for SO2 removal in volcanic plumes, and highlight recent measurements of volcanic hydrogen chloride (HCI) injections into the UTLS. An analysis of passive volcanic emissions of SO2 detected in Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) SO2 data since 2004 provides new insight into the location and stability of the dominant sources of volcanic SO2 over the past decade. Since volcanic SO2 emissions constitute a random, highly variable perturbation to the atmosphere-climate system, continued monitoring of volcanic SO2 emissions from space by multiple UV and IR instruments to extend the current multi-decadal record is essential, and near-global, geostationary measurements of SO2 may be available by the end of the current decade. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：自1978年以来，卫星仪器一直基于对紫外线（UV），红外（IR）和微波光谱带的观测，提供全球二氧化硫（SO2）火山排放的测量。我们回顾了卫星对火山气体遥感的最新进展，重点是提高了仪器对对流层SO2排放的敏感性以及确定火山羽流高度的技术。综合了近36年的全球紫外线，红外和微波卫星测量数据，可以对1978年至2014年之间进入对流层和平流层下层（UTLS）的火山SO2通量进行更新评估（类似于1-2 Tg / yr）。多种紫外线和红外卫星SO2产品的当前可用性为许多喷发提供了对计算出的SO2负荷的信心。我们检查了火山SO2排放的时间和纬度分布，并重新评估了SO2喷发与喷发量之间的关系，发现了SO2排放与火山爆发性指数（VEI）之间的一阶相关性，但具有显着的分散性。根据观测到的SO2-VEI关系，我们估算了最小喷发（类似于0.48 Tg / yr）释放的SO2排放比例，而卫星观测并未记录这一比例。对测量的SO2排放源的详细分类揭示了喷发频率，SO2负荷和火山脱气方式之间的直观预期相关性。我们讨论了在火山羽中去除SO2的电子折叠时间的新限制，并重点介绍了最近注入UTLS的火山氯化氢（HCI）的测量结果。对自2004年以来在臭氧监测仪（OMI）SO2数据中检测到的SO2的被动火山排放进行的分析，为过去10年火山SO2的主要来源的位置和稳定性提供了新见解。由于火山中的SO2排放构成对大气-气候系统的随机，高度可变的扰动，因此必须使用多种紫外线和红外仪器持续监测太空中的火山中的SO2排放，以扩展当前的多年代记录，近地对地静止测量二氧化硫的百分比可能在当前十年末可用。 （C）2016作者。由Elsevier B.V.发布

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