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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Glacier melting during lava dome growth at Nevado de Toluca volcano (Mexico): Evidences of a major threat before main eruptive phases at ice-caped volcanoes
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Glacier melting during lava dome growth at Nevado de Toluca volcano (Mexico): Evidences of a major threat before main eruptive phases at ice-caped volcanoes

机译：内华达德托卢卡火山（墨西哥）熔岩穹顶生长过程中的冰川融化：在冰冠火山主要喷发阶段之前存在重大威胁的证据

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摘要

Nevado de Toluca volcano is one of the largest stratovolcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. During Late Pleistocene its activity was characterized by large dome growth and subsequent collapse emplacing large block and ash flow deposits, intercalated by Plinian eruptions. Morphological and paleoclimate studies at Nevado de Toluca and the surrounding area evidenced that the volcano was affected by extensive glaciation during Late Pleistocene and Holocene. During the older recognized glacial period (27-60 ka, MIS 3), the glacier was disturbed by the intense magmatic and hydrothermal activity related to two dome extrusion episodes (at 37 ka and 28 ka). Glacier reconstruction indicates maximum ice thickness of 90 m along main valleys, as at the Cano ravines, the major glacial valley on the northern slope of the volcano. Along this ravine, both 37 and 28 ka block-and-ash deposits are exposed, and they directly overlay a fluviatile sequence, up to 40 m-thick, which C-14 ages clearly indicate that their emplacement occurred just before the dome collapsed. These evidences point to a clear interaction between the growing dome and its hydrothermal system with the glacier. During dome growth, a large amount of melting water was released along major glacial valleys forming thick fluvioglacial sequences that were subsequently covered by the block-and-ash flow deposits generated by the collapse of the growing dome. Even though this scenario is no longer possible at the Nevado de Toluca volcano, the data presented here indicate that special attention should be paid to the possible inundation areas from fluviatile/lahar activity prior to the main magmatic eruption at ice-capped volcanoes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：内华达德托卢卡火山是跨墨西哥火山带中最大的平流火山之一。在晚更新世期间，其活动的特点是穹顶大生长，随后塌陷，形成大块状和灰烬流沉积物，并被普林尼埃喷发所嵌入。内华多德托卢卡及其周围地区的形态和古气候研究表明，火山在晚更新世和全新世期间受到广泛冰川的影响。在较早的公认冰川期（27-60 ka，MIS 3），冰川受到与两个穹顶挤压事件（37 ka和28 ka）有关的强烈岩浆和热液活动的干扰。冰川重建表明，沿着主要山谷的最大冰层厚度为90 m，例如在卡诺河谷（火山北坡的主要冰川谷）。沿着这条山沟，同时暴露了37和28 ka的块状和灰烬沉积物，它们直接覆盖了高达40 m厚的易碎序列，C-14年龄清楚地表明它们的沉积发生在穹顶坍塌之前。这些证据表明，正在生长的穹顶及其与冰川的热液系统之间存在清晰的相互作用。在穹顶生长过程中，大量的融化水沿着主要的冰川山谷释放，形成浓厚的河冰层序，随后被不断增长的穹顶坍塌所产生的块状和灰烬流沉积物所覆盖。即使在内华多·德·托卢卡火山不再可能出现这种情况，但此处提供的数据表明，应特别注意在冰封火山爆发主要岩浆喷发之前，由可乐/拉哈活动引起的可能淹没区域。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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